中俄学界关于两国东段界约观点的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:10

本文选题：中国 + 俄罗斯　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自17世纪中叶俄国哥萨克向东推进,将其势力扩张到鄂霍次克海和黑龙江沿岸开始,中华民族与俄罗斯民族这两个原本彼此相隔万水千山、文化习俗迥异的民族成了邻居,从此之后中俄两国互为邻邦的历史就再未中断过。时至今日,中俄两国关系已经走过了大约四百年的风风雨雨,回首望去,其间不乏两国关于领土的纷争和边界的变迁。鸦片战争爆发后,特别是在1858年中俄《瑷珲条约》签订以后,两国边界问题一直处于悬而未决的状态。直到一个多世纪后,时间进入新的千年,随着中俄关系的持续改善,两国边界问题才终于有了关键性的突破。2004年10月14日,两国签订《中俄国界东段补充协定》,这标志着延续了四十余年的中苏(俄)边界谈判终于画上了句号,两国长达一百多年的边界争议也终于尘埃落定。中俄两国边境线全长4300多公里,中俄边界分为东西两段,其中西段边界长54公里,剩余的4280多公里均为东段,而两国需要解决的边界问题也主要集中在东段。长期以来,领土与边界问题一直都是影响中俄两国关系的主要因素,因此两国东段边界问题也是中俄学界研究已久的课题。在中国,第一部详细记载中俄边界形成发展历史的著作是晚清何秋涛的《朔方备乘》1,而俄国学者对这一问题研究开始的时间则更早。此后,随着两国边界不断出现新情况,以及两国学界对边界问题研究的不断深入,越来越多的新观点和新论述开始出现。本文由前言、正文、结语以及参考文献四部分构成。前言阐述了本文的研究对象与任务、研究的现实意义和理论实用价值、研究的创新之处、研究方法以及论文的结构布局。第一章以时间为节点,将两国从古至今签订的划界条约分为三个时期,阐述了条约签订的历史背景与关于边界划分的具体内容;第二章以第一章的时间节点为基础介绍了中俄学界对于两国边界条约的观点;第三章阐述了自己对中俄学界不同观点的思考,介绍了不平等条约概念的由来,分析了两国学者观点上的异同,并对中俄学界在边界条约问题上的研究提出了自己的建议。结语总结全文,指出中俄学界在研究两国边界问题上存在一些规律,未来双方在研究边界问题上更应该结束过去,面向未来。现在看来,中俄学界对两国早期签订的边界条约的看法不尽相同,双方争论的焦点主要集中在条约的平等性问题上;而对于新时期《中苏国界东段协定》及《中俄国界东段补充协定》,两国主流学者都给予了积极正面的评价,尽管在两国学界和民间仍存在部分异议。此外,两国学者对于边界问题的研究也带有一些共同特点:首先,由于边界问题与国家利益密切相关,因此两国学者在研究此问题上都或多或少地带有一些主观色彩,倾向于维护本国的国家利益;第二,双方学者的研究有明显的时代性特征,易于受到研究所在时期国内外环境的影响;第三,两国学者的研究带有鲜明的继承性特征,后代学者在对待两国边界问题的看法上基本承袭了早期学者定下来的基调;第四,关于条约的平等公平问题始终是两国学者争论的焦点。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the seventeenth Century, Russian Cossacks moved eastward to the East, expanding its power to the sea of Okhotsk and Heilongjiang. The two people of the Chinese and Russian nations, which were originally separated from each other, became neighbors. Since then, the history of the two countries in China and Russia has never been interrupted. Today, China and Russia After the outbreak of the Opium War, especially after the signing of the Sino Russian treaty in 1858, the border problems between the two countries have been in the pending state. After more than a century, the time entered a new period. In the millennium, with the continuous improvement of Sino Russian relations, the border problems between the two countries finally had a key breakthrough in October 14th.2004. The two countries signed a supplementary agreement on the eastern section of China and Russia. This marked the end of the negotiations on the border between China and Russia for more than forty years, and the dispute over the border between the two countries for more than 100 years has finally settled. The border line between China and Russia is more than 4300 kilometers long and the border between China and Russia is divided into two parts. The border of the western section is 54 kilometers long and the remaining more than 4280 kilometers are all East. And the boundary issues that the two countries need to solve are mainly concentrated in the Eastern section. For a long time, the problems of territory and border have been the main factors affecting the relations between China and Russia, so the East and the East have been the main factors. In China, the first detailed record of the history of the development of the Sino Russian border was the first detailed record of the development of the Sino Russian border in the late Qing Dynasty by He Qiutao's >1, while the Russian scholar began to start the study earlier. More and more new views and new discussions are beginning to appear in the study of problems. This article is composed of four parts: preface, text, conclusion and reference. The preface describes the object and task of this paper, the practical significance and practical value of the research, the innovation of the research, the method of research and the structure of the paper. The chapter divides the demarcation treaties signed from ancient and ancient to three periods, and expounds the historical background of the treaty and the specific content of the boundary division. The second chapter introduces the views of the Chinese and Russian scholars on the border treaties between China and Russia on the basis of the time node of the first chapter, and the third chapter expounds that the Chinese and Russian academic circles do not. With the thought of the same view, the origin of the concept of the unequal treaties is introduced, the similarities and differences between the two scholars are analyzed, and the Chinese and Russian academics have put forward their own suggestions on the study of the border treaties. It is better to end the past and face the future. Now it seems that the Chinese and Russian academics have different views on the border treaties signed early by the two countries. The focus of the dispute between the two sides is mainly on the issue of the equality of the treaty, and the mainstream scholars of the two countries have given positive attention to the new period "Sino Soviet national boundary agreement >" and "the eastern section of China and Russia". The positive evaluation, although there is still some dissent in the two countries and the civil society. In addition, the two scholars' research on the boundary issues also has some common characteristics: first, because the boundary issues are closely related to the national interests, the two scholars have some subjective colors in the study of this issue, or more or less, and tend to maintain their own country. Second, the study of the scholars of both sides has obvious characteristics of the times, easy to be influenced by the domestic and foreign environment at the time of the Institute; third, the study of the scholars of the two countries has a distinct inheritance feature. The descendant scholars have basically inherited the tone of the early scholars in their views on the border problems of the two countries; and fourth, about the article. The issue of equality and equity has always been the focus of controversy between the two scholars.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D823;D851.2

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