浅析奥巴马政府的美巴反恐合作

发布时间：2018-06-21 04:20

本文选题：美巴反恐 + 奥巴马　；参考：《中共中央党校》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：9·11恐怖袭击事件之后，美国视反恐为国家安全和对外战略的重心。小布什时提出了“反恐战争”的概念，，并在阿富汗和伊拉克先后发动了两场反恐战争。战争刚开始时，美国在伊拉克战场投入了大量的精力和人力。但随着伊拉克战争形势的好转，阿富汗地区的安全形势日益紧张，美国立即调整反恐策略，将重心转移到了阿富汗战场，一时间，南亚国家在美国的反恐对外战略中的地位得到了迅速的提升。再因巴基斯坦比阿富汗毗邻的独特地理位置，巴国想当然的成为了美国在阿富汗战场的得力助手。美巴关系日益升温。相比较小布什时期的美巴反恐合作，奥巴马政府在美巴合作反恐的策略上又有了新的变化。本文主要是分析研究奥巴马第一个任期内，美巴两国在反恐合作上的策略以及美巴反恐合作在这个四年内所取得的成果，最后落脚在美巴在合作反恐中要面临的挑战及对周边国家的影响。奥巴马上任后，在反恐策略上随即改变了小布什时代的激进态度，将其替代的是被注入了“巧实力”外交理念的新反恐策略。在阿富汗问题上，奥巴马希望能够顺利撤军，所以他极力希望巴基斯坦这个反恐盟友能够以积极的姿态在阿富汗问题上有所作为。随后，奥巴马针对阿巴形势高调的推出了“阿巴新战略”，又将巴基斯坦的反恐地位进一步提升。根据“阿巴新战略”的内容，今后五年内，美国会向巴基斯坦每年提供75亿美元的经济援助，然而，巴基斯坦接受这些援助的条件，是要看其自身的反恐力度。巴在配合美反恐斗争中取得的最突出的成就就是本·拉登被击毙。美巴联合反恐的盟友关系也不是一帆风顺的，两国之间的合作也是矛盾重重，争吵不断。即使美巴两国在反恐问题上有分歧，有各自的利益，但两国终究还是因为在反恐斗争上的相互需求继续维持着合作关系。另外，关于美巴合作反恐对周边国家产生的影响，阿富汗地区是首当其冲的。尤其是，作为反恐斗争的主角，美巴反恐合作中也注入了阿富汗因素。同时，中国与巴基斯坦始终保持着友好的关系，巴与美的反恐盟友关系势必会对中国造成一定的影响。
[Abstract]:After the 11 th terrorist attacks, the United States saw anti-terrorism as the focus of its national security and foreign strategy. Bush put forward the concept of "war on terror" and launched two wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. At the beginning of the war, the United States invested a great deal of energy and manpower in the Iraq battlefield. However, as the situation in the Iraq war improved and the security situation in Afghanistan became increasingly tense, the United States immediately adjusted its counter-terrorism strategy and shifted its focus to the Afghan battlefield for a while. The status of South Asian countries in the United States anti-terrorism foreign strategy has been rapidly promoted. And because of Pakistan's unique geographical proximity to Afghanistan, Pakistan has taken for granted the right hand-mate of the United States in Afghanistan. Us-Pakistan relations are warming up day by day. Compared with Bush's anti-terrorism cooperation, the Obama administration has changed its strategy of anti-terrorism. This paper is mainly to analyze the strategies of the United States and Pakistan in anti-terrorism cooperation during Obama's first term and the achievements achieved in the four years of the US-Pakistan anti-terrorism cooperation. Finally, in the United States and Pakistan in the fight against terrorism to face the challenges and the impact on neighboring countries. After Obama took office, he changed the radical attitude of the Bush era and replaced it with the new anti-terrorism strategy which was infused with the diplomatic concept of "smart power". On Afghanistan, Obama wants a smooth withdrawal, so he strongly wants Pakistan, the counterterrorism ally, to do something positive about Afghanistan. Subsequently, Obama's high-profile launch of the "Pakistan New Strategy", will further enhance Pakistan's anti-terrorism status. Under the terms of the new strategy, the United States will provide Pakistan with $7.5 billion a year in economic aid over the next five years. However, Pakistan's acceptance of such aid is contingent on its own efforts to combat terrorism. Pakistan's most prominent achievement in the fight against terrorism in the United States was the killing of bin Laden. The US-Pakistan alliance against terrorism has not been smooth, and cooperation between the two countries has been fraught with contradictions and squabbles. Even though the United States and Pakistan have differences and interests in the fight against terrorism, the two countries continue to maintain cooperative relations because of their mutual needs in the fight against terrorism. In addition, Afghanistan is the first to bear the brunt of anti-terrorism cooperation between the US and Pakistan on neighboring countries. In particular, as the protagonist of the fight against terrorism, the US-Pakistan anti-terrorism cooperation has also injected the Afghan factor. At the same time, China and Pakistan have always maintained friendly relations, Pakistan and the United States anti-terrorism ally relations will inevitably have a certain impact on China.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.5

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