冷战后古巴对外政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 03:23

本文选题：冷战后 + 古巴　；参考：《聊城大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：古巴是当今世界上唯一一个处于西方资本主义国家包围中的社会主义国家,并且是离美国本土最近、长期处于美国封锁包围中的社会主义国家。作为一个革命历史、社会结构和地缘政治都比较特殊的社会主义国家,古巴对外政策的发展有着不同于其他社会主义国家的特点和特征。古巴愿意同尊重古巴主权、遵守各国共处准则的不同政治、社会和经济制度的国家保持友好关系,并一直坚持同社会主义国家保持友谊、互助和合作关系。建国五十多年来,尽管古巴的发展道路艰险而曲折,但古巴党和人民始终坚守社会主义理念,实事求是、与时俱进,不断探索适合本国实际、具有本国特色的发展道路。自1959年古巴取得革命胜利以来,就一直受到被美国的敌视。敌视政策是美国对古巴政策的主格调,美国始终坚持冷战思维,从自身利益和反共产主义意识形态的双重需要出发,对古巴采取了敌视和封锁政策,企图消灭古巴社会主义。为了寻求社会主义阵营国家的帮助,在建国后不久,古巴先后同苏联和中国等社会主义国家建交。依靠和借助苏联的军事庇护,古巴成功地应对了美国的政治军事压力,确保了国家安全。 20世纪80年代末90年代初,国际形势发生了重大变化。古巴进入了“和平时期的特殊阶段”,在经济、政治和外交上都遇到了自建立社会主义政权以来前所未有的困难。随着国际环境的不断恶化,美国加大了对古巴的封锁与和平演变的力度,通过各种手段妄图颠覆古巴社会主义政权。甚至古巴人民都对古巴过去所走的社会主义道路产生了怀疑,对古巴的未来失去了信心。面对如此严峻的形势,古巴共产党并没有被困难所吓倒,而是积极、务实、灵活地调整了对外政策,以打破美国封锁和孤立为重点,扩大生存空间、改善国际环境、拓展经贸合作。同时,古巴注重并努力发展与欧盟国家、加拿大和日本的关系,并把重返拉美、回归拉丁美洲大家庭作为外交政策的重要内容。古巴政府还特别重视继续发展同中国、越南等社会主义国家的友好关系,并进一步加强了同亚洲和非洲发展中国家之间的联系。这一时期,古巴积极探索适合本国特点的执政战略和策略,及时调整内外政策,加速进行改革,扩大对外开放。古巴的社会主义事业经受住了考验,在冷战后越发充满活力。自2008年2月24日劳尔?卡斯特罗当选古巴国务委员会主席和部长会议主席,正式接替执政长达49年的菲德尔?卡斯特罗以来,古巴的外交改革十分活跃。古巴注重加强增进同委内瑞拉、巴西等拉美国家的关系,恢复和改善同墨西哥的关系,恢复和改善了同欧盟的关系,并向美国下届政府伸出橄榄枝,同时加强与俄罗斯的关系,进一步发展同中国等亚非国家的关系。经过20年的探索、建设和发展,古巴对外政策取得了极大的成就。当前古巴政治、经济、军事、文化、外交等各方面都取得了长足发展,并且保持了良好势头。古巴虽然是一个面积不大、人口不多的小国,但其冷战后对外政策调整与变化的经验教训对其他社会主义国家都具有借鉴意义。古巴是在美国的长期封锁与制裁下生存和发展下来的,这对其他社会主义国家在处理与资本主义发达国家尤其是美国的关系有直接的借鉴意义。古巴共产党领导人一直强调与中国的友好关系,并积极借鉴中国改革开放的经验。同样,研究冷战后古巴对外政策变革的经验和走势,对于我国的对外交往和国家建设也有着一定的现实意义和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Cuba is the only socialist country in today ' s world , surrounded by western capitalist countries , and is a socialist country that has long been in the U.S . blockade . As a revolutionary history , social structure and geo - politics are comparatively special socialist countries , the development of Cuba ' s foreign policy is different from that of other socialist countries . Cuba is willing to maintain friendship , mutual assistance and cooperation with the socialist countries .

Since the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959 , the United States has been under the hostility of the United States . The hostile policy is the main tone of the United States policy towards Cuba . The United States has always adhered to the cold war mentality , and established diplomatic relations with the socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and China on the basis of the dual needs of its own interests and the anti - communist ideology . In order to seek the help of the socialist camps , Cuba has succeeded in building diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries , such as the Soviet Union and China , and has successfully responded to the political and military pressure of the United States and ensured national security .

Cuba ' s economic , political and diplomatic ties with the European Union ( EU ) , Canada and Japan have not been daunting . The Cuban Communist Party ( Cuba ) attaches particular importance to the development of friendly relations with the countries of the EU , Canada and Japan and further strengthens ties with developing countries in Asia and Africa . The Cuban government has also paid particular attention to the continued development of policies and strategies suited to the characteristics of the country , to accelerate reforms and to expand the outside world . Cuba ' s socialist cause has been tested and has become more dynamic after the cold war .

Cuba ' s diplomatic reforms have been very active since Ra煤l Castro ' s election to the chairmanship of the Council of State and the President of the Council of Ministers on 24 February 2008 . Cuba has focused on strengthening relations with Latin American countries , such as Venezuela and Brazil , restoring and improving relations with Mexico , restoring and improving relations with the European Union , and extending olive branches to the next Government of the United States , while strengthening relations with Russia and further developing relations with non - African countries , such as China .

The Cuban Communist Party ( Cuba ) has made great achievements in its foreign policy adjustment and change after the Cold War . The Cuban Communist Party has always emphasized the friendly relations with China and has made a positive reference to the experience of China ' s reform and opening up .
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D875.1

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