全球化背景下的中国地方政府国际合作

发布时间：2018-06-25 03:42

本文选题：全球化 + 地方政府　；参考：《山东大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：地方政府国际合作是在全球化深入展开的历史背景下发展勃兴的。全球化导致了民族国家权威不断向上转移至超国家权威、向下转移至次国家行为体、向外转移至社会性行为体,这为地方政府国际合作奠定了重要基础。全球化还使国际政治出现了分合交织进行的历史现象,为地方政府国际合作提供了重要契机。交通运输技术、信息技术的革命性进步,国际体系结构和全球安全结构的深刻调整,权力不断下放的历史趋势,以及跨国公司利益实现方式的地方化为地方政府国际合作提供了重要动力来源。在中国地方政府国际合作已成为一个较为普遍的国际现象的情况下,如何认识这一现象产生的历史背景和动力?中国地方政府国际合作行为与中央外交之间是一种什么样的关系,对国家外交运行会产生何种影响?地方政府国际化程度不断提高的趋势对中央和地方政府之间的关系会带来哪些深刻影响?随着中国地方政府逐渐成为国际关系中的一个重要行为体,如何看待它对国际体系的影响,尤其是它在国际体系中与中央政府之间的互动是如何进行的?本文梳理分析地方政府国际合作的具体实践,深入分析我国地方政府国际合作的背景、动力和渠道,试图对上述问题进行回答。当代西方既有的研究理论,即两枝世界政治理论、新中世纪主义理论、平行外交论、多层外交论、地区国家论等理论都从不同侧面对该行为进行了研究和思考,尤其是阐述了地方政府国际行为对一国外交的深刻影响以及地方政府进入国际舞台后国际体系特征呈现出的新变化,为我们研究地方政府国际合作这一重要的政治历史现象提供了基础和视角。国内既有的研究分别从治理理论、城市外交、地方国际化等不同视角对地方政府国际合作进行了探讨。在此基础上,本文从一个综合分析的视角对上述问题进行了剖析。由于地方政府国际合作具有明显的非主权性和从属性、限定性特征,对上述问题的基本判断和主要分析框架应该是：当前的国际体系已经成为以民族国家为中心、中央和各级地方在国际关系中互动的多层互动模式,这也是当前从国际关系行为体视角解析所得出的国际体系新特征。与此同时,研究我国地方政府国际合作需要以此为基本分析框架,同时设定地方政府国际合作对国家外交、央地关系、国际体系的深刻影响这几个方面作为主要研究议程。基于此,本文的基本假设是：尽管地方政府国际合作已经成为中国的重要政治历史现象,但该行为主要局限在经济社会发展等“低级政治领域”,具有明显的非主权性特征；地方政府国际合作有力促进了地方经济社会发展,从而有利于国家总体实力的提升；地方政府国际合作对中国外交起到了重要的配合、补充、服务作用,也使中国外交呈现了多维度地变化；与此同时,地方政府国际合作对中国央地关系模式和中央宏观治理能力带来了挑战；地方政府国际合作的发展需要中央和地方在国际体系中的良性互动。运用新的分析框架,从国际-国内相互结合的理论视角,本文首先对中国地方政府国际合作进行了一个区域总体分析。中国的地方政府国际合作是在中国全面参与国际体系的历史背景下展开的。冷战以来,国际体系结构的深刻调整变化,以及中国对全球安全结构的判断和预期为中国地方政府国际合作提供了重要基础,它既是中国全面参与国际体系的动因,也是地方政府国际合作发展勃兴的契机。20世纪70年代末期以来,以央地分权和权力下放为核心的改革为地方政府参与国际事务、进行国际合作提供了法律、政策层面的保障,尤其是央地经济权限的调整和财政权限的划分是地方政府寻找和利用国际资源的重要动力；以沿海-沿江-沿边-内陆为演进次序的梯度开放战略则直接促进了地方政府国际合作行为的勃兴壮大。从对东南沿海、东北、西北、西南的区域性分析,以及对广东省的国际合作、图们江国际合作开发机制、中国-亚欧博览会、大湄公河次区域国际合作机制这几个较为典型的地方政府国际合作模式的具体分析可以得到 -个初步的分析结论,即中国地方政府国际合作是中央政府主导下的国家总体发展战略中的重要组成部分,地方政府国际合作的议题领域主要局限在经济社会领域,基本不涉及主权范围内事项,因而具有明显的非主权性；地方政府国际合作促进了地方经济实力的提升,也对中央外交起到了重要的配合、服务和补充作用,使中国外交呈现出网络化和多维化的特征；但地方政府国际合作与中央外交行为之间还存在直接目标的不一致性和基本性质之间的矛盾,所以急需央地之间在国际事务中进行良性互动,共同维护和拓展国家利益。在上述总体分析的基础上,本文选取地方政府国际合作制度化、规范化程度较高的“友好省州领导人峰会”作为一个典型案例对中国地方政府国际合作的背景、机制与影响做了一个案例分析。该机制的创建与发展和山东省(亚洲地区唯一一个参与该机制的地方政府)的地方国际合作的发达程度密切相关,是在全方位展开的山东省国际合作的基础上诞生的,山东省建立的大量国际友好城市以及外向型发展战略也成为该机制发展壮大的重要动力。从对该机制的创建基础、提出和建立、发展以及山东省的政策立场、合作的议题领域及基本性质等方面的具体分析看,该机制的成员既有联邦制国家地方政府,也有单一制国家地方政府,既有发达国家地方政府,也有发展中国家地方政府,但其合作交流的主题与时代背景及基于时代背景所提出的共同关心的问题密切相关,其国际合作的主要议题领域也局限于经济合作、文化交流、环境保护、科技创新、社会管理等“低级政治领域”,具有明显的非主权性特征；山东省利用该合作平台吸纳了大量的国际资源,提升了自身实力和国际影响力,也利用该平台配合了国家外交,维护了国家利益；该机制的具体运作情况也证实地方政府在有关国际问题的处理上发挥了重要作用,已经成为国际体系中的一个重要力量。最后,在以上分析的基础上,本文对中国地方政府国际合作进行了理论总结与反思,得出了本文的基本结论,即地方政府国际合作已经深刻影响了中国外交决策,对中国外交特别是中国周边外交起到了积极的推动作用,也促进了中国多维外交格局的形成,甚至正在更新人们的外交理念；地方政府国际合作还在较深层次上影响着央地关系结构模式,地方政府从国际合作中获取的国际利益以及构建的稳定获取国际利益的渠道,尤其是在地方事权过多但财权有限的背景下,地方政府具有较强的进一步拓展国际利益的冲动,这就可能对地方政府间关系以及中央宏观治理能力带来挑战。当然,中国地方政府国际合作是一个较为复杂的政治历史现象,需要进一步思考如何从体制、机制、法律等层面进一步发挥其积极作用,尤其是如何构建更加合理的外交工作结构,构建更加科学的央地关系结构,及如何加强央地在国际事务中的互动,以将地方政府国际合作的消极影响控制在最小的范围之内。
[Abstract]:The international cooperation of local government has become an important actor in international cooperation . How to deal with the historical background and motive force of international cooperation of local government . How to think about the influence of international cooperation between local government and central government ? This paper analyzes the background , motivation and channel of local government international cooperation , and tries to answer the above questions .

At the same time , the international cooperation of local government has become a multi - layer interactive mode , which is based on the theory of governance , city diplomacy and local internationalization .

Based on this , the basic assumption is that , although international cooperation of local government has become an important political history phenomenon in China , this behavior is mainly confined to " low - level political field " such as economic and social development , and has obvious non - sovereignty character ;
Local government ' s international cooperation has promoted local economic and social development , thus contributing to the improvement of the overall strength of the country ;
Local government ' s international cooperation has played an important role in China ' s diplomacy , supplemented and served , and also made China ' s diplomacy more and more varied .
At the same time , local government international cooperation poses a challenge to China ' s central relationship model and central macro - governance capacity ;
The development of international cooperation between local governments requires a benign interaction between the central and local levels in the international system .

With the new analytical framework , from the theory perspective of international and domestic integration , this paper first analyzes the international cooperation of local government in China . The international cooperation of local government in China has been carried out in the historical background of China ' s comprehensive participation in international system . Since the end of the cold war , the reform of the central government and decentralization has provided important foundation for the international cooperation of local government .
Taking the coastal - coastal - coastal - inland as the evolutionary sequence of the gradient open strategy directly promotes the vitality of the local government ' s international cooperation behavior . From the regional analysis of the southeast coast , northeast , northwest and southwest , and the international cooperation in Guangdong Province , Tumen River International Cooperation and Development Mechanism , China - Asia - Europe Expo , and Greater Mekong Subregion International Cooperation Mechanism , the concrete analysis of the international cooperation modes of local governments can be obtained .

- a preliminary analysis conclusion that international cooperation between local governments in China is an important part of the overall development strategy of the country under the leadership of the central government , and the topic areas of international cooperation of local governments are mainly confined to the economic and social fields , basically do not deal with matters within the sovereignty scope , and thus have obvious non - sovereignty ;
Local government ' s international cooperation has promoted the improvement of local economic strength and played an important role in the central diplomacy , serving and supplementing the Chinese diplomacy , so that China ' s diplomacy is characterized by network and multi - dimensional .
However , there is a contradiction between the inconsistency and the basic nature of the direct objective between the international cooperation of local government and the central diplomatic act , so it is urgent to carry out the benign interaction between the central government and the central government in international affairs , and jointly safeguard and expand the national interest .

On the basis of the above - mentioned general analysis , this paper analyzes the background , mechanism and influence of the international cooperation between local governments and local governments in Shandong Province . The establishment and development of the mechanism is closely related to the development of local international cooperation in Shandong province ( the only local government involved in the mechanism ) .
Shandong Province , using the cooperation platform , has absorbed a large number of international resources , has promoted its own strength and international influence , and has also used the platform to cooperate with the state diplomacy and safeguard the national interests ;
The specific functioning of the mechanism also confirms that local governments have played an important role in dealing with international issues and have become an important force in the international system .

Finally , on the basis of the above analysis , this paper summarizes and reflects the international cooperation of local government in China , and draws the basic conclusion that the international cooperation of local government has profoundly affected China ' s diplomatic decision - making , has played a positive role in China ' s diplomacy , especially China ' s periphery diplomacy , and has promoted the formation of multi - dimensional diplomatic pattern in China , and even newer people ' s diplomatic ideas .
The international cooperation of local government also has a profound influence on the pattern of central relationship structure , the international interests acquired by local government from international cooperation and the channel of stable acquisition of international interests , especially in the context of excessive local power but limited financial rights .
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D625;D827

【参考文献】