图瓦卢“环境难民”问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 00:49

本文选题：图瓦卢 + 难民　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球气候变暖及环境的恶化使得世界各地区陆续出现干旱、洪涝、荒漠化及海平面上升等问题,由此形成了一大批流离失所的“环境难民”。预计图瓦卢将成为世界上第一个由于海平面上升而全民迁移的国家。尽管这种因环境恶化而引起的人口迁移现象得到了国际社会的广泛重视和关注,但是1951年联合国难民公约及其他公约的难民定义都没有将“环境难民”纳入其中。这给图瓦卢“环境难民”的救助工作带来了极大的不便。为了挽救岛国人民的命运,图瓦卢政府采取了一系列的救助措施,但最终收效甚微。本文以国际政治的视角,运用层次分析法,从国际、国家、个人三个层面对影响图瓦卢“环境难民”安置的因素进行了细致分析,认为在国家层面上的理性国家利益分析是影响“环境难民”安置的主要原因。为此国际社会应该建立起对“环境难民”的法律保护体系,提高联合国难民署的保护能力,国家及个人应该减少碳排放以促进环境的可持续发展。难民法援助范围的扩大,国家难民政策的调整都有待国际社会统一思想,形成共识。“环境难民”问题的解决虽然任重而道远,但是我们也不必对此抱着盲目悲观的态度。
[Abstract]:Global warming and environmental deterioration have led to drought, flooding, desertification and sea level rise in various parts of the world, resulting in a large number of displaced "environmental refugees". Tuvalu is expected to become the first country in the world to migrate due to rising sea levels. Although the phenomenon of population migration caused by the deterioration of the environment has received extensive attention and attention from the international community, neither the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees nor the refugee definition of other conventions have included "environmental refugees". This brings great inconvenience to the relief work of Tuvalu's environmental refugees. To save the fate of the island people, the Tuvalu government has taken a series of rescue measures, but with little effect. From the perspective of international politics, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the factors affecting the resettlement of "environmental refugees" in Tuvalu from three aspects: international, national and individual, using the Analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The rational national interest analysis at the national level is the main reason that affects the resettlement of environmental refugees. Therefore, the international community should establish a legal protection system for "environmental refugees" and enhance the protection capacity of UNHCR. Countries and individuals should reduce carbon emissions in order to promote the sustainable development of the environment. With the expansion of refugee law aid and the adjustment of national refugee policy, the international community needs to unify its ideas and form a consensus. The problem of environmental refugees has a long way to go, but we don't have to be blindly pessimistic about it.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.6;X2

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