冷战后中国在非洲的维和行动：从非自愿参与到责任承担

发布时间：2018-07-03 10:30

本文选题：联合国 + 维和行动　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文主要讨论的是中国在维护国际和平与安全上变得更加积极和主动,并且分析了中国在联合国非洲的维和行动中所发挥的重要贡献。与传统的关注于中国在非洲的经济合作的观点不同的是,本文在参考广泛文献的基础上,分析了中国通过参加联合国这样的多边组织来维护国际的和平与安全。中国在非洲所采取的举措表明了中国的软实力不仅仅在东亚发挥了作用,在非洲同样发挥了巨大的作用。大国在一个地区不仅使用自己的硬实力,同时也使用自己的软实力。通过对文献的分析,作者认为履行联合国维护世界和平与安全的规则章程是没有不可逾越的障碍的。但是在很长时间内,中国没有参与联合国的军事维和行动,而且在冷战时代,联合国作为美苏两个超级大国斗争的舞台,这些问题都需要客观的评价与讨论。总之,这篇文章所要讨论的问题是,中国作为一个大国,是如何认识到自己的责任,变成了一个维护世界和平与安全的积极地参与者;联合国在20世纪90年代在非洲进行的维和行动的主要目的;形成这一局面的关键因素以及内涵。本文主要探讨了国际事务,重点考察了国际关系中的关键问题,国际事务的参与者是否能为了共同的利益而放弃自我的利益?在一个群体中如何处理好共有利益和冲突利益是一个不可回避的问题。如何实现在一个群体中,让所有成员可以都从中获利而不需顾及他们对整体的贡献多少。共同利益经常出现在群体与社会之中,在国际事务中,共同利益是一个特殊的问题。因为在国际事务的处理中,每一个参与者都是一个独立自主的主体,并没有一个诸如世界政府一样的绝对权威来强迫每一个民族提供任何自我利益的让渡。在解释国际协作上,有统治、互惠、认同三个基本原则,采用的理论分析方法有新现实主义、新自由主义、古典自由主义。如果基于两次世界大战的教训,按照联合国宪章建立起来的联合国的目的是为了维护公共安全的话,那么进行国际协作就是这些参与者在传统意义和理性选择上的正确决定。 1945年,为了维护世界的和平与正义,取得二战胜利的盟军建立了联合国这一国际组织。但是,正如冷战时代中国怀疑联合国的作用一样,联合国的外交政策使得一些联合国发起国开始对其表示怀疑。仅仅用两极化、意识形态之争、两个超级大国之间的核恐怖来解释中国对联合国怀疑的原因是远远不够的。因为联合国是、并且将一直是大国实现自己利益的工具。1949年建国之后,中国的外交政策受到了美苏意识形态斗争的影响。在共产主义与自由民主制的激烈冲突中,中国的领导人坚持马列主义毛泽东思想,并将此作为了中国的指导意识形态。当中国坚持马列主义毛泽东思想时,世界其他国家就被划分成了共产主义与自由民主两大阵营。最终,中国不得不直接或间接地与两个阵营都进行抗争。这改变了中国与联合国的关系,也改变了中国对世界其他国家的外交政策。后冷战时代的主要特征是因种族矛盾、社会和经济非正义、地区或国内政治斗争所引发的政治危机。另外,联合国不得不面对原来隐藏在冷战阴影下而现在凸显出来的大量矛盾的新状况。这些长期存在的问题大多是政治问题或人道主义问题,例如柬埔寨问题、东帝汶问题、前南斯拉夫问题。另外毫无疑问的是,后冷战时代,非洲出现了很多危机,像始于1960年的刚果危机、20世纪90年代以来的塞拉利昂、利比里亚、苏丹等等问题。这些危机和问题都对大量无辜的平民造成了巨大的威胁,同时也威胁到了国际社会。如何处理好这些问题是对国际社会的一个挑战,对本国与邻国的关系影响重大,对于正在快速发展的中国和第三世界国家也有着重要的意义。为什么中国从一个观望者转变为联合国维和活动的积极参与者,要回答这个问题,需要从政治、经济等等许多方面来解释。冷战的后果让中国认识到了维护世界和平与安全对自身的重要意义。所以,维护和平成为中国政府官方声明中所表达的中国参加到联合国维和活动,尤其是非洲的维和活动的主要理由。中国对于非洲的关注点已经不再限于兴建公共设施、进行经济投资,对于维和行动,中国也进行了参与。这一做法提升了非洲的国际地位,促进而来非洲的政治和市场发展,为其他国家创造了投资的机会,增强了非洲的实力,促进了非洲的经济增长。为了维护这样安全相关模式,中国重视非洲联盟和其他非洲区域组织的重要性。联合国安理会为了维护安全,向刚果民主共和国、利比里亚和苏丹派驻了维和部队,其他国家对于此举并不积极,中国积极参与到维和与调解行动中来,显示了一个大国在国际社会中的责任感。中国通过这一系列行动,提升了自己在非洲的影响力和软实力,也为中美关系的发展创造了机会。这篇论文为揭示经历了冷战的教训之后,中国在诸如派驻维和警察、军事观察员、建设工程兵、医疗分队等国际维和行动中逐渐参与的原因提供了一个机会。因为在冷战时期,美苏两极化的格局对中国造成了封锁,中国一直不愿意参与到国际安全的构建之中。这也体现了在冷战时代,美苏外交政策对国际体系的巨大影响力。另一方面,后来中国逐渐加大了在国际维和行动中的参与,也表达出了自己的主权独立与不干涉的外交原则,显示了中国作为一个负责任的大国按照联合国宪章的原则践行自己维护世界和平与安全的国际责任。
[Abstract]:This article mainly discusses that China has become more active and active in maintaining international peace and security, and analyzes the important contribution that China has played in the peacekeeping operation of the United Nations in Africa. China's initiatives in Africa show that China's soft power has played a role not only in East Asia, but also in Africa. Great powers use not only their hard power but also their own soft power in a region. Through the analysis of the literature, the author believes that there is no insurmountable obstacle to the implementation of the United Nations rules and regulations for the maintenance of world peace and security. But for a long time, China has not participated in the United Nations military peacekeeping operation, and in the Cold War era, the United Nations, as the stage for the struggle between the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, needed all these issues. In summary, the question to be discussed in this article is how China, as a big country, recognizes its responsibilities and becomes a positive participant in the maintenance of world peace and security; the main purpose of the United Nations in Africa in 1990s, and the key reasons for this situation. Content and connotation.
This paper mainly discusses international affairs and focuses on the key issues in international relations. Can the participants of international affairs give up their own interests for common interests? How to deal with common interests and conflict interests in a group is an unavoidable question. How to achieve in a group and let all members be able to do so The mutual benefit is a special problem in international affairs, because in international affairs, each participant is an independent subject, and there is no one like the world government. Absolute authority to force every nation to offer any transfer of self interest. In the interpretation of international cooperation, there are three basic principles of rule, reciprocity and identification. The theoretical analysis methods adopted are Neo realism, Neo liberalism, and classical liberalism.
Based on the lessons of the two World War and the purpose of the United Nations established in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations for the purpose of maintaining public security, international cooperation is the correct decision of these participants in the traditional meaning and rational choice.
In 1945, in order to maintain world peace and justice, the Allied forces of the victory of World War II established the United Nations as an international organization. But, as China suspected of the role of the United Nations in the cold war, the United Nations foreign policy made some United Nations sponsors begin to doubt it. Only by polarization, ideological controversy, two over the world. The nuclear terror between the great powers is far from enough to explain the reason why China's suspicion of the United Nations is far from enough. Since the United Nations is a tool for the great powers to realize its own interests in.1949, China's foreign policy has been affected by the ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. The leaders of the country adhere to Marxism Leninist Mao Zedong thought and regard it as the guiding ideology of China.
When China adheres to Marxism Leninism Mao Zedong thought, the other countries of the world have been divided into two camps of communism and free democracy. Finally, China has to fight directly or indirectly with the two camps. This has changed China's relations with the United Nations and changed the foreign policy of China to the rest of the world.
The main feature of the post Cold War era is the political crisis caused by ethnic contradictions, social and economic injustice, regional or domestic political struggles. In addition, the United Nations has to face the new situation which has been highlighted in the shadow of the cold war. These long-standing problems are mostly political or humanitarian. Problems, such as the Kampuchea, East Timor, and the former Yugoslavia. There is no doubt that in the post Cold War era, there were many crises in Africa, such as the Congo crisis that began in 1960, the Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sultan, and so on since 1990s. These crises and problems have caused huge numbers of innocent civilians. A big threat and a threat to the international community. How to deal with these problems is a challenge to the international community, a great impact on the relationship between the country and its neighbours, and to the rapid development of China and the third world countries. Why China has changed from a waiter to a United Nations peacekeeping activity To answer this question, participants need to explain from many aspects such as politics, economy and so on.
The consequences of the cold war have made China aware of the importance of maintaining world peace and security to itself. Therefore, the maintenance of peace is the main reason for China's participation in United Nations peacekeeping activities, especially in Africa, as expressed in the official statement of the Chinese government. China's concern for Africa is no longer limited to the construction of public facilities. China also took part in economic investment, which promoted the international status of Africa, promoted political and market development in Africa, created opportunities for investment for other countries, enhanced Africa's strength and promoted economic growth in Africa. In order to safeguard such a security related model, China attaches great importance to this. The importance of the African Union and other African regional organizations. In order to maintain security, the United Nations Security Council has sent a peacekeeping force to the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Sultan. The other countries are not active in this action. China is actively involved in peacekeeping and mediation, showing a sense of responsibility of a big country in the international community. Through this series of actions, China has enhanced its influence and soft power in Africa, and has also created opportunities for the development of Sino US relations.
In order to reveal the lessons of the cold war, China has provided an opportunity for the gradual participation of China in international peacekeeping operations such as peacekeeping police, military observers, construction engineers and medical teams, because during the cold war, the polarization of the United States and the Soviet Union caused a blockade on China, and China was reluctant to participate in the cold war. In the construction of international security, it also reflects the great influence of the foreign policy of the United States and the Soviet Union on the international system during the cold war. On the other hand, China has gradually increased its participation in international peacekeeping operations, and also expressed its own diplomatic principles of independence and non-interference, which shows that China is a responsible big country. In accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, we should fulfill our international responsibility for safeguarding world peace and security.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D822.34

【共引文献】