“9.11”后美国亚太海洋安全战略调整及其对中国的影晌探析

发布时间：2018-07-12 12:57

本文选题：“9.11” + 海洋安全战略　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：历经两次世界大战的洗礼，美国最终实现了世界海洋霸主的梦想。冷战结束后，美国海军也随着前苏联势力的消失而成为了世界海军的霸主。亚太海域周边聚集着中、日、俄等大国，同时也存在着朝鲜半岛，南海等潜在冲突，其地缘战略形势极为复杂。“9.11”后，美国调整其国家安全战略，并借“反恐”之名，加大对亚太地区的军事投入；同时，伴随亚太地区经济战略地位的提升，亚太海域局势出现新变化，中国海军也随着国力的提升而得到进一步发展。然而，美国却不能容忍亚太地区有崛起的中国存在，尤其是中国海军力量的提升。近些年来，美国不断以“中国军事威胁论”为由，调整其战略，向该地区扩大军事存在，同时加强同日、韩的军事同盟关系，频繁举行联合军演，使得这一地区战略安全形势更加复杂，区域性冲突不断，对中国周边安全环境构成极大威胁。面对美国亚太海洋安全战略的调整，中国的海洋安全、地缘安全及能源安全均受到了极大的影响。中国必须调整思维，转变自古是大陆国家的旧观念，发展海权以维护国家海洋安全和稳定；同时还要处理好与美国、日本以及东盟邻国的关系，加强交流与合作，保持长久的稳定和发展。文章分四个部分。第一部分，以“9.11”为界限，从国内和国际两个层面分析了美国亚太海洋安全战略调整的背景。国内层面主要是美国受“9.11”袭击事件的影响，开始调整其国家安全战略，即由“基于威胁”到“基于能力”的转变；国际层面上主要是从“9.11”后亚太海域出现的新形势分析，世界各国随着经济的快速发展，资源需求与日俱增，而亚太海域不但具有重要的地缘战略价值，同时还具有重要的经济价值，海洋富含丰富的资源，致使海上竞争日趋激烈，海上安全也日渐脆弱。同时伴随中国国力的提升，其海军力量也开始进一步发展，然而美国却以“中国军事威胁论”为由调整战略，其全球战略重心也开始明显向亚太转移。第二部分，分析美国海洋安全战略调整的内容。文章分别从调整的目标、表现及特点加以分析：在调整目标上，从国际战略目标与军事目标两个方面着手，揭露了冷战结束后美国意欲继续发挥其在亚太主导地位的战略企图；在调整的表现方面，文章主要从美国在“9.11”后出台的一系列政策文件，倡议以及战略等来具体分析美国海洋安全战略调整的行为；在调整的特点上，主要由上述的政策文件归纳出了三个特点：以海权实力确保海上安全，以全球合作来确保美国主导，以安全防御来确保利益拓展。第三部分，也是文章论述的重点部分，即美国海洋安全战略调整对中国的影响。任何影响都有两面性，文章从不利影响入手，主要从对中国的海洋安全、地缘安全及能源安全的影响分析。“9.11”后美国在中国海上频频出击，打着“重返亚洲”的旗号，战略重心直指中国。东海、黄海以及南海上空风云骤起，海洋安全似乎也成了当前困扰中国外交的最大难题；对地缘安全的影响，文章选择了对中日关系，中国与东盟关系及朝鲜半岛局势的影响来分析中国与领国之间由于美国战略调整产生的不利影响；能源安全方面，美国亚太海洋安全战略的调整对能源相对匮乏的中国也产生了严重的影响。中国能源严重依赖进口，一定程度上要求中国正确发展同美国及周边国家的关系以避免由此产生的风险。尽管美国战略的调整对中国的安全构成了极大威胁，但中美双方在一些全球事务上仍需要加强合作，而保持两国稳定发展也是符合两国的共同国家利益。因此，对于中美两国来说，只有加强交流与合作，才能保持持久的稳定。第四部分，，探索性地提出中国的战略选择。中国一方面要发展以航母为中心的远洋海军，加强海洋防卫战略同时扩大海洋防卫纵深，通过提升实力来维护国家的海洋安全和稳定；另一方面，加强与美国、日本以及东南亚邻国的沟通与交流，发挥主观能动性，远交近睦，以柔克刚。
[Abstract]:After the baptism of the two World War, the United States finally realized the dream of the world's maritime hegemony. After the end of the cold war, the United States Navy has become the hegemon of the world Navy with the disappearance of the former Soviet Union forces. The Asia Pacific sea area is surrounded by China, Japan and Russia, as well as potential conflicts, such as the Korean Peninsula, the South China Sea, and its geopolitical strategy. After 9.11, the United States adjusted its national security strategy and increased its military input to the Asia Pacific region by the name of "counter-terrorism". At the same time, with the promotion of the strategic position of the Asia Pacific region, the situation of the Asia Pacific sea area has changed, and the Chinese navy has been further developed with the promotion of national strength. However, the United States can not. In recent years, the United States has been adjusting its strategy and expanding its military existence to the region on the basis of the "Chinese military threat theory", at the same time strengthening its military alliances and frequent joint military exercises to make the strategic security situation in the region more important. With the complexity and regional conflict, it poses a great threat to the security environment around China. Facing the adjustment of the Asia Pacific Ocean security strategy, China's marine safety, geo security and energy security have been greatly affected. China must adjust its thinking, transform the old idea of great Lu Guojia, and develop the sea power to safeguard the national ocean. At the same time, we must also handle relations with the United States, Japan and ASEAN neighbors, strengthen exchanges and cooperation, and maintain long-term stability and development.
The article is divided into four parts.
The first part, with the "9.11" as the boundary, analyzes the background of the strategic adjustment of the Asia Pacific Ocean Security in the United States from two levels, both at home and abroad. The domestic level is mainly the impact of the "9.11" attack on the United States, which begins to adjust its national security strategy, that is, the "threat based" to "ability based" transformation; the international level is mainly on the international level. After the "9.11", the new situation of the Asia Pacific sea area has been analyzed. With the rapid development of the economy, the demand for resources is increasing, and the Asia Pacific sea area not only has important geo strategic value, but also has important economic value. The ocean is rich in resources, which makes the competition in the sea increasingly fierce, and the safety of the sea is also increasingly fragile. At the same time, with the promotion of China's national strength, its naval forces have also begun to develop further. However, the United States has adjusted its strategy on the basis of "China's military threat theory", and its global strategic focus has begun to shift significantly to the Asia Pacific.
The second part analyses the content of the strategic adjustment of American marine security. The article analyzes the objectives, performance and characteristics of the adjustment: on the adjustment goal, from the two aspects of the international strategic target and the military target, the United States intends to continue to play its strategic attempt in the Asia Pacific leading position after the end of the cold war; and the readjustment table is made. In this regard, the article mainly analyzes the behavior of the strategic adjustment of American marine security from a series of policy documents, initiatives and strategies after the "9.11". In the characteristics of the adjustment, it mainly concludes three characteristics by the policy documents mentioned above: to ensure maritime security by sea power, and to ensure the United States by global cooperation. Leading, with security defense to ensure the development of interests.
The third part is also the key part of the article, that is, the impact of American maritime security strategy adjustment on China. Any impact has two sides. From the adverse effects, the article mainly analyzes the impact of the adverse effects on China's marine safety, geo security and energy security. "9.11", the United States has hit the sea frequently in China and hit "return to Asia" after "9.11". On the flag of the continent, the strategic center of gravity directly refers to China, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea, and the sea security seems to be the most difficult problem that plagued China's diplomacy. In terms of energy security, the adjustment of the Asia Pacific Ocean security strategy has also had a serious impact on China's relative lack of energy. China's energy is heavily dependent on imports, to some extent, to a certain extent, to the correct development of China's relations with the United States and its neighboring countries in order to avoid the resulting risks. The adjustment of the United States strategy poses a great threat to China's security, but the two sides still need to strengthen cooperation in some global affairs. And maintaining the stable development of the two countries is also in the interests of the two countries. Therefore, only by strengthening exchanges and cooperation, China and the United States can maintain lasting stability.
In the fourth part, the strategic choice of China is put forward. On the one hand, China should develop the ocean Navy with the carrier as the center, strengthen the marine defense strategy and expand the depth of marine defense, and maintain the national marine security and stability by enhancing its strength; on the other hand, strengthen communication and communication with the United States, Japan and the neighbouring countries of Southeast Asia. We should give full play to our initiative and make good use of our strength.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;D82

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