奥巴马政府多边外交政策评析
发布时间：2018-07-16 17:14
【摘要】：美国作为当今世界唯一的超级大国,其外交政策对国际社会有着显著的影响。奥巴马作为美国历史上首位黑人总统,其所倡导的外交“变革”、多边外交,值得世人关注。一定意义上,美国新政府外交政策的变换是影响中美关系发展乃至世界格局变动的风向标。奥巴马政府的多边外交政策对多极化国际格局的损益何在,对中美关系的发展将带来何种影响,这都值得我们对此做更为深入的探究。研究奥巴马政府多边外交政策,不仅有助于认识美国的对外战略,有利于推进中美关系的顺利发展,还对我国开展多边外交具有重要的借鉴意义。 国内外学者已就奥巴马政府的外交政策展开研究,目前所取得的研究成果有限且在研究对象、研究方法、资料选用等方面存有不足。鉴于此,本文就奥巴马政府的多边外交政策予以评析。文章共分下述五大部分: 第一部分阐述了奥巴马执政后美国外交政策的转变。该部分基于对奥巴马政府外交政策和小布什政府外交政策的比较,分别从外交理念、外交方式、外交议题等三个方面阐释了美国新政府的外交“变革”。 第二部分分析了奥巴马政府推行多边外交政策的背景。该部分运用层次分析法,从国际系统、国家、个人三个层次阐释了奥巴马政府抛弃小布什政府单边主义而开展多边外交的原因。其中,国际系统层次的背景包括渐趋多极化的国际格局、渐呈网络化的国际交往进程以及日益凸显的全球问题;国家层次的背景包括美国历届政府的多边外交经验、美国的现实困境以及民主党的政治思潮;个人层次的背景主要包括奥巴马总统个人的成长经历、文化背景、性格品质等因素。 第三部分阐释了奥巴马政府多边外交政策的实施措施及特点。奥巴马政府多边外交政策的实施措施有其多样性,以多元的外交途径、合作的外交姿态为主导。奥巴马政府的多边外交政策有其鲜明特点,无论是开展外交“变革”、制定多边外交政策,还是采取多边外交方式,变革性与继承性相联系、目的性与针对性相一致、务实性与灵活性相统一、模糊性与两面性相协调等特点都诠释着美国新政府的多边外交。 第四部分阐述了奥巴马政府多边外交政策对中美关系的影响。该部分首先描述了中美关系的发展状况。自奥巴马政府执政以来,中美关系既有总体态势稳定、积极发展的一面,又有结构性矛盾难消、诸多分歧仍在的一面。基于此,本文提出我国在奥巴马政府多边外交政策下深化中美关系、促进共同发展的建议。我国既要积极融入多边机制、拓展多边外交,又要警惕多边机制下美国的制度霸权“藩篱”;既要与美国在多边机制中深化合作、促进共同发展,又应有理有利有节地摆脱美国霸权的“软制衡”。 结语部分总括全文,就奥巴马政府的多边外交政策予以评析并对其前景进行预析。奥巴马政府的多边外交政策仅是对小布什政府单边主义的修正而非改革,仅是策略的变化而非战略的变更。无论国际风云如何变幻,奥巴马政府仍将一以贯之地奉行美国既定的对外战略。无论奥巴马政府的外交理念如何翻新、外交手段如何变幻、外交姿态如何调整,稳定战略、调整策略,依旧是主导美国新政府外交的逻辑蓝本。
[Abstract]:As the only superpower in the world today, the foreign policy of the United States has a significant influence on the international community. As the first black president in American history, Obama's diplomatic "change" and multilateral diplomacy advocated by the United States deserve the attention of the world. In a sense, the transformation of the foreign policy of the new government of the United States is an influence on the development of Sino US relations and even the development of the Sino US relations. The Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy will benefit us more deeply. It is not only helpful to understand the foreign strategy of the United States, but also to promote the development of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The smooth development of Sino US relations is of great significance to China's multilateral diplomacy.
At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied the foreign policy of the Obama government. The research results are limited and the research methods and data selection are insufficient. In view of this, this article reviews the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The article is divided into five parts:
The first part expounds the transformation of American foreign policy after Obama's administration. This part is based on the comparison of the foreign policy of the Obama government and the foreign policy of the George W. Bush government, and explains the diplomatic "change" of the new government of the United States from three aspects, such as diplomatic ideas, diplomatic ways and diplomatic issues.
The second part analyzes the background of the Obama administration's implementation of the multilateral foreign policy. This part uses the analytic hierarchy process to explain the reasons for the Obama administration to abandon the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government and develop the multilateral diplomacy from the international system, the state and the individual, among which the background of the international system level includes a gradual and multipolar international framework. The national level of the national level includes the multilateral diplomatic experience of various American governments, the realistic predicament of the United States and the political trend of thought of the Democratic Party, and the background of the individual level mainly includes the personal growth experience, cultural background and character quality of President Obama.
The third part explains the implementation measures and characteristics of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The measures for the implementation of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration have its diversity, multiple diplomatic channels and cooperative diplomatic posture. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama government has its distinctive features, whether it is to carry out diplomatic "change" and formulate more. On the other hand, the foreign policy of the United States has the characteristics of the multilateral diplomacy of the new government of the United States, as well as the multilateral diplomacy, the connection of change and inheritance, the consistency of the purpose and the pertinence, the unity of pragmatism and flexibility, and the coordination of the ambiguity and the dual nature.
The fourth part expounds the influence of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy on Sino US relations. This part first describes the development of Sino US relations. Since the administration of the Obama administration, the relationship between China and the United States has not only a stable overall situation, a positive development side, but also a structural contradiction and many differences still on the side. Based on this, this paper proposes Under the multilateral diplomatic policy of the Obama administration, our country should deepen the Sino US relations and promote the common development. Our country should not only actively integrate the multilateral mechanism, expand multilateral diplomacy, but also be vigilant to the "hedge" of American institutional hegemony under the multilateral mechanism. It is not only necessary to cooperate with the United States in the multilateral mechanism and promote common development, but also should be rational and beneficial. To get rid of the "soft balance" of American hegemony.
The concluding part summarizes the full text of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy and analyses its prospects. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration is only the amendment to the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government, not the reform. It is only the change of strategy rather than the change of strategy. No matter how the international climate changes, the Obama government will still be one No matter how the foreign ideas of the Obama administration are refurbished, how the diplomatic means change, how the diplomatic posture is adjusted, the stability strategy and the adjustment strategy are the logical blueprints for the new government diplomacy of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
[Abstract]:As the only superpower in the world today, the foreign policy of the United States has a significant influence on the international community. As the first black president in American history, Obama's diplomatic "change" and multilateral diplomacy advocated by the United States deserve the attention of the world. In a sense, the transformation of the foreign policy of the new government of the United States is an influence on the development of Sino US relations and even the development of the Sino US relations. The Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy will benefit us more deeply. It is not only helpful to understand the foreign strategy of the United States, but also to promote the development of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The smooth development of Sino US relations is of great significance to China's multilateral diplomacy.
At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied the foreign policy of the Obama government. The research results are limited and the research methods and data selection are insufficient. In view of this, this article reviews the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The article is divided into five parts:
The first part expounds the transformation of American foreign policy after Obama's administration. This part is based on the comparison of the foreign policy of the Obama government and the foreign policy of the George W. Bush government, and explains the diplomatic "change" of the new government of the United States from three aspects, such as diplomatic ideas, diplomatic ways and diplomatic issues.
The second part analyzes the background of the Obama administration's implementation of the multilateral foreign policy. This part uses the analytic hierarchy process to explain the reasons for the Obama administration to abandon the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government and develop the multilateral diplomacy from the international system, the state and the individual, among which the background of the international system level includes a gradual and multipolar international framework. The national level of the national level includes the multilateral diplomatic experience of various American governments, the realistic predicament of the United States and the political trend of thought of the Democratic Party, and the background of the individual level mainly includes the personal growth experience, cultural background and character quality of President Obama.
The third part explains the implementation measures and characteristics of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration. The measures for the implementation of the multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration have its diversity, multiple diplomatic channels and cooperative diplomatic posture. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama government has its distinctive features, whether it is to carry out diplomatic "change" and formulate more. On the other hand, the foreign policy of the United States has the characteristics of the multilateral diplomacy of the new government of the United States, as well as the multilateral diplomacy, the connection of change and inheritance, the consistency of the purpose and the pertinence, the unity of pragmatism and flexibility, and the coordination of the ambiguity and the dual nature.
The fourth part expounds the influence of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy on Sino US relations. This part first describes the development of Sino US relations. Since the administration of the Obama administration, the relationship between China and the United States has not only a stable overall situation, a positive development side, but also a structural contradiction and many differences still on the side. Based on this, this paper proposes Under the multilateral diplomatic policy of the Obama administration, our country should deepen the Sino US relations and promote the common development. Our country should not only actively integrate the multilateral mechanism, expand multilateral diplomacy, but also be vigilant to the "hedge" of American institutional hegemony under the multilateral mechanism. It is not only necessary to cooperate with the United States in the multilateral mechanism and promote common development, but also should be rational and beneficial. To get rid of the "soft balance" of American hegemony.
The concluding part summarizes the full text of the Obama administration's multilateral foreign policy and analyses its prospects. The multilateral foreign policy of the Obama administration is only the amendment to the unilateralism of the George W. Bush government, not the reform. It is only the change of strategy rather than the change of strategy. No matter how the international climate changes, the Obama government will still be one No matter how the foreign ideas of the Obama administration are refurbished, how the diplomatic means change, how the diplomatic posture is adjusted, the stability strategy and the adjustment strategy are the logical blueprints for the new government diplomacy of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
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