中苏关于斯大林问题论战的再思考

发布时间：2018-07-17 01:44

【摘要】：从20世纪50年代到60年代，中苏论战持续了近十年时间，中苏两党也由最初的思想分歧发展成两党关系的恶化，最终导致中苏关系的破裂。论战对中苏两国、国际共产主义运动都带来了深刻的影响。今天，我们在总结这场论战时，发现双方都存在问题，有些观点有失偏颇，有些观点可能还要引起争论。对中苏论战期间关于斯大林问题的重新认识，有助于我们在探索有中国特色的社会主义道路上迈出新的步伐，对于在当今发展马克思主义具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文在结构上共分为三个部分：第一部分论述中苏关于斯大林问题论战的背景，即“秘密报告”发表。赫鲁晓夫在报告中揭露和批判了斯大林所犯的个人崇拜与破坏社会主义法制的错误，以及指挥卫国战中的失误。随即在苏联国内和国际社会都产生了深远的影响。社会主义阵营的思想混乱，西方资本主义势力趁机攻击社会主义制度，中苏两党在斯大林问题上展开论战。第二部分论述中苏关于斯大林问题论战的内容，主要从三个方面论述：第一，赫鲁晓夫“秘密报告”并未全盘否定斯大林，而中共认为赫鲁晓夫全盘否定了斯大林；第二，中苏关于斯大林功过的评价问题。毛泽东主张斯大林是三分错误，七分成绩,“三七开”的评价比较合适。而苏联领导人并未肯定斯大林功大于过还是功小于过。斯大林的功过虽然不能“五五开”，但至少应该是“四六开”，“三七开”的评价有失公平；第三，中苏两党关于个人崇拜问题的认识。马克思主义反对任何形式的个人崇拜，毛泽东提出要进行适当的个人崇拜，，有悖于马克思主义理论。毛泽东维护斯大林就是为了维护自己在社会主义建设中的严重错误，不是出于公心。第三部分:中苏关于斯大林问题论战的教训和启示。在论战中，双方的观点都存在一定的错误。论战的直接结果导致了中苏两国关系的破裂，恶化了中国经济的发展环境，苏联在社会主义国家的威信也大大降低。双方只有互相尊重才能赢得共赢。
[Abstract]:From the 1950s to the 1960s, the Sino-Soviet debate lasted for nearly ten years, and the Sino-Soviet Party also developed from the initial ideological differences to the deterioration of the relationship between the two parties, which eventually led to the breakdown of the Sino-Soviet relationship. The controversy has had a profound impact on both China and the Soviet Union, as well as on the international communist movement. Today, in summing up the debate, we find that there are problems on both sides, some are biased and some may be controversial. A new understanding of Stalin during the Sino-Soviet debate will help us to take new steps in exploring the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and has important theoretical and practical significance for the development of Marxism today. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part discusses the background of the Sino-Soviet controversy on Stalin, that is, the Secret report. In his report, Khrushchev exposed and criticized Stalin's mistakes in personality worship and the destruction of socialist legal system, as well as in directing the war against the motherland. Then there was a profound influence both within the Soviet Union and in the international community. The ideology of the socialist camp was confused, the western capitalist forces attacked the socialist system, and the Chinese and Soviet parties debated over Stalin. The second part discusses the contents of the Sino-Soviet debate on Stalin from three aspects: first, Khrushchev's "secret report" does not completely negate Stalin, while the Chinese Communists believe that Khrushchev totally negated Stalin; second, The evaluation of Stalin's merits and demerits between China and the Soviet Union. Mao Zedong argued that Stalin was three-point wrong, seven points score, "three-seven open" evaluation is more appropriate. Soviet leaders were not sure whether Stalin had done more or less. Although Stalin's merits and demerits could not be "opened up in May and May," they should at least be appraised as "four or six" and "three Seven"; third, the Chinese and Soviet parties' understanding of the issue of personality cult. Marxism is opposed to any form of personality cult, Mao Zedong proposes to carry out appropriate personality cult, which is contrary to Marxist theory. Mao Zedong's defense of Stalin was to defend his serious mistakes in socialist construction, not out of public will. The third part: the lessons and enlightenment of the Sino-Soviet controversy on Stalin. In the debate, there were certain errors in the views of both sides. The direct result of the controversy was the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the deterioration of China's economic development environment, and the decline of the Soviet Union's prestige in socialist countries. Mutual respect is the only way to win a win-win situation.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D822.3;D851.2

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