冷战后国际政治格局中的美对台政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-22 12:16

【摘要】：台湾自古以来就是中国领土神圣不可分割的一部分。台湾问题作为中国内战遗留问题,本是属于中国内政问题,但由于台湾的地缘政治价值、战略价值及利用其牵制中国的价值,台湾问题掺入了众多复杂因素。其中,美国因素是能够左右台湾问题的最重要因素,甚至可以说台湾问题正是由于美国干涉中国内政所导致。因而针对美国对台政策的研究,不但有助于我们评价、分析、预估美国对台政策,而且有助于我们采取相适应的政策处理台湾问题,使台湾问题能够向着健康的方向发展,早日得以解决。冷战结束后,“两极格局”被彻底打破,形成了“一超多强”的局面,作为冷战间一极的美国成为惟一的超级大国。在这一世界格局转型的大背景下,美国提出了“世界新秩序”的战略构想,调整了全球战略、亚太战略、对华战略,从而对台政策也随之进行了大的调整。美对台政策的调整反过来影响着两岸关系、中美关系、亚太格局乃至世界政治格局的稳定及其发展,二者是相互作用、相互影响的关系。冷战后美国历届政府对台政策的核心内容始终是维持台海现状,保持两岸“不独、不统、不战”的状态。其目的是为了维护美国本国的国家利益,并且以台湾问题作为牵制中国的手段。奥巴马当选新任总统之时,正是美国面临“内忧”.“外患”之时。而中国则抓住了21世纪初的战略发展时期,综合国力日益增强。面对新的形势,奥巴马政府的对台政策也会出现相应变化。从近期来看,这些调整对两岸关系、中美关系、亚太政治格局有一定的积极影响,但其维持现状的目标仍未改变。如果美国不能从根本上调整对台政策将会造成台海局势的紧张、中美关系的恶化以及亚太地区的不稳定。可以预见的是,未来美对台政策不会有大的突破,亚太政治格局也不会有根本的转变,亚太地区国家随着经济的发展,必将使该地区力量格局进一步稳定和均衡化,世界仍然朝着“一超多强”的趋势发展。本文从三方面对冷战后美对台政策进行阐述：冷战后国际政治格局转变与美国的“国际政治秩序”；冷战后美对台政策的调整及其原因；冷战后美对台政策调整与“国际政治格局”。
[Abstract]:Taiwan has been an inalienable part of Chinese territory since ancient times. As a legacy of China's civil war, the Taiwan issue belongs to China's internal affairs. However, because of Taiwan's geopolitical value, strategic value and the value of containing China, the Taiwan issue is mixed with many complicated factors. Among them, the American factor is the most important factor that can influence the Taiwan issue, and it can even be said that the Taiwan issue is caused by the interference of the United States in China's internal affairs. Therefore, the study of US policy towards Taiwan will not only help us evaluate, analyse and estimate US policy towards Taiwan, but also help us adopt appropriate policies to deal with the Taiwan issue, so that the Taiwan issue can develop in a healthy direction. Be settled at an early date. After the end of the Cold War, the "bipolar pattern" was completely broken, forming a situation of "one super and more powerful", and the United States became the sole superpower as the one-pole of the cold war. Under the background of the transformation of the world pattern, the United States put forward the strategic conception of the "new world order", adjusted the global strategy, the Asia-Pacific strategy and the strategy towards China, and consequently made a great adjustment to the Taiwan policy. In turn, the adjustment of US policy towards Taiwan affects the stability and development of cross-strait relations, Sino-US relations, Asia-Pacific structure and even the world political pattern. After the Cold War, the core content of the policies of the successive US administrations toward Taiwan has always been to maintain the status quo of the Taiwan Strait and maintain the state of "not being independent, not unifying, and not fighting" between the two sides of the strait. The aim is to safeguard America's own national interests and to use the Taiwan issue as a means to contain China. Obama's election to the new president comes at a time when the United States is faced with internal worries. When "foreign trouble". And China grasps the strategic development period of the beginning of 21 st century, the comprehensive national strength is increasing day by day. In the face of the new situation, the Obama administration's Taiwan policy will also change accordingly. In the near future, these adjustments have a positive impact on cross-strait relations, Sino-US relations, and the Asia-Pacific political pattern, but their goal of maintaining the status quo has not changed. If the United States fails to fundamentally adjust its policy towards Taiwan, it will cause tension in the Taiwan Strait, deterioration of Sino-US relations and instability in the Asia-Pacific region. What can be foreseen is that in the future, there will be no major breakthrough in the US policy towards Taiwan, nor will there be a fundamental change in the political structure of the Asia-Pacific region. With the development of the economy, countries in the Asia-Pacific region will surely make the regional power pattern more stable and balanced. The world is still moving towards the trend of "one super and more powerful". This paper expounds the American policy towards Taiwan after the Cold War from three aspects: the transformation of the international political pattern after the Cold War and the "international political order" of the United States, the adjustment of the American policy towards Taiwan after the Cold War and the reasons therefor; Adjustment of US Policy toward Taiwan and International political pattern after the Cold War.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D822.371.2;D618

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