俄罗斯与乌兹别克斯坦关系的演变与特点
发布时间：2018-07-22 17:23
【摘要】：俄罗斯与乌兹别克斯坦的关系是俄罗斯与独联体国家关系中最重要的双边关系之一。本文从历史的角度,分阶段考察自1991年以来两国政治、军事、经济、人文关系的发展状况和存在的问题,分析影响两国关系的各种因素,从而揭示两国关系发展的特点和规律。 俄乌关系的历史源于沙俄对中亚的征服,俄乌在沙俄和苏联时期曾作为一个国家共同生活了100多年,这段历史对俄乌关系具有一定的影响。自1992年3月俄乌建交以来,两国对彼此的政策经历了一个发展演变的过程。苏联解体初期,乌兹别克斯坦对俄罗斯保持着惯性的依赖。而俄罗斯则奉行“亲西方”外交,对中亚实行“甩包袱”政策。统一经济空间的断裂使两国经济合作水平大幅下降,乌兹别克斯坦出于巩固政权的需要,努力减少俄语和俄罗斯文化的存在,大量俄语居民迁回俄罗斯,这些都对两国关系产生了负面影响。然而塔吉克斯坦内战的爆发和阿富汗国内政局动荡在一定程度上使俄罗斯放弃“甩包袱”政策,俄乌两国共同倡导建立了集体安全条约。 上世纪90年代中后期俄美蜜月期结束后,俄罗斯彻底放弃“亲西方”外交,转而重视中亚,将中亚视为恢复大国地位的战略依托。而乌兹别克斯坦逐渐摆脱国内危机,开始采取疏远俄罗斯的政策。随着俄美开始在中亚展开地缘政治争夺,美国转而重视乌兹别克斯坦,乌美关系有所发展。但1996年阿富汗塔利班势力的壮大对地区安全造成威胁,这使乌无法远离俄罗斯,双方保持了密切的安全磋商。1998年末当确信塔利班不会对本国安全带来威胁之后,乌兹别克斯坦迅速疏远俄罗斯,并在美国的支持下,退出集体安全条约,并加入反俄的古阿姆集团。但美国无法在安全问题上取代俄罗斯,1999年夏至2000年夏当伊斯兰极端主义威胁中亚时,乌兹别克斯坦再度寻求俄罗斯的安全援助。新世纪开始普京上台,更加重视与中亚国家在双边基础上发展经济合作,两国经济和人文合作开始活跃。“9.11”事件后乌美关系迅速升温,美国成为中亚安全的保障者,俄乌关系陷于困境。 2003～2004年乌美关系恶化,乌兹别克斯坦修正亲美外交,转而采取平衡政策,俄乌结为战略伙伴。2005年安集延事件发生后,为避免国际孤立,乌兹别克斯坦彻底投入俄罗斯的怀抱,两国结为盟友,此后俄乌关系开始进入快速发展阶段,两国经济与人文合作水平不断提升。2008年以来国际形势发生显著变化,乌美关系出现回暖,2011年奥巴马政府宣布从阿富汗撤军计划后,乌美接近步伐明显加快。2008年以来俄罗斯不断加强对中亚的政策,考验乌对独联体一体化的容忍度。俄罗斯还积极介入中亚水资源争端,这导致乌从俄罗斯主导的地区一体化组织中退出。乌疏远独联体多边合作的政策并未导致俄乌合作的减少。两国领导人依旧保持了定期的政治磋商,俄罗斯是乌兹别克斯坦最大的贸易伙伴国,乌国民学习俄语的兴趣在逐年提升。 通过对俄乌关系发展演变历史的考察,本文认为,基于共同的利益,安全、经济、人文因素是促成俄乌两国合作的积极因素。乌出于对主权的敏感和保持自身行动自由的意愿,对俄罗斯倡导的地区一体化的消极态度是影响两国关系发展的负面因素。美国出于地缘政治目的,与俄罗斯在中亚展开的争夺始终是俄乌两国发展关系道路上绕不过去的障碍。 展望未来,俄乌关系的发展充满机遇与挑战。在美国撤出阿富汗的背景下,阿富汗问题仍旧复杂,一时难以解决；俄乌在经贸、能源、人文等方面的合作依然密切；乌即将举行总统选举,为了保持政权的平稳交接,乌需要俄罗斯的支持,这对俄乌关系的继续发展是有利的。但同时,俄乌关系也面临着挑战。俄罗斯能否在经济上成为乌的榜样并满足乌的投资需求；乌奉行俄美平衡外交政策,在发展对俄关系的同时,也积极为美国敞开合作的大门；乌政权能否顺利实现更迭将对俄罗斯的中亚利益产生直接的影响,在中亚水资源问题上俄罗斯需要找到令双方都满意的解决方案；2014年之后美国显然不打算放弃在中亚的存在,美国的新丝路计划如何实施,这些都将对俄乌关系构成现实的挑战。
[Abstract]:The relationship between Russia and Uzbekistan is one of the most important bilateral relations in the relations between Russia and the CIS. From a historical point of view, this article examines the development and existing problems of the political, military, economic and human relations between the two countries since 1991, and analyses the various factors that affect the relations between the two countries, thus revealing the two countries' relations. The characteristics and laws of the development.
The history of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine originated from the tsarist Russia's conquest of Central Asia. Russia and Ukraine lived together as a country in Russia and the Soviet Union for more than 100 years. This history has a certain influence on the relationship between Russia and Ukraine. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Ukraine in March 1992, the two countries have undergone a process of development and evolution. Kstan maintained its dependence on Russia, while Russia pursued a "Pro western" diplomacy and a policy of "throwing a burden" on Central Asia. The fracture of unified economic space reduced the level of economic cooperation between the two countries. In order to consolidate the political power, Uzbekistan tried to reduce the existence of Russian and Russian culture, and a large number of Russian languages. When the residents moved back to Russia, they all had a negative impact on the relationship between the two countries. However, the outbreak of the civil war in Tajikistan and the upheaval in Afghanistan made Russia give up the "burden of the burden" to some extent, and Russia and Ukraine jointly advocated the establishment of a collective security treaty.
After the end of the Russian and American honeymoon period in the middle and late 90s of last century, Russia gave up the "Pro western" diplomacy thoroughly and attached great importance to Central Asia, taking Central Asia as a strategic backing for the restoration of great power status. While Uzbekistan gradually broke away from the domestic crisis and began to adopt the policy of alienating Russia. The United States has turned to Uzbekistan and the US relations have developed. But in 1996, the growth of Taliban forces in Afghanistan poses a threat to regional security, which makes it impossible to stay away from Russia. The two sides maintain close security consultations at the end of.1998, when Uzbekistan is convinced that Taliban will not pose a threat to the country, Uzbekistan is rapidly estranged. Russia, with the support of the United States, pulled out of the collective security treaty and joined the anti Russian ancient AmAm group. But the United States was unable to replace Russia on security issues. When the Islamic extremism threatened Central Asia in the summer and 2000 of 1999, Uzbekistan was again seeking Russian security assistance. The new century began with Putin coming to power and heavier. In view of the bilateral economic and cultural cooperation with the Central Asian countries on the bilateral basis, the economic and human cooperation between the two countries began to be active. After the "9.11" incident, the umei relationship was rapidly warming up, the United States became a security guarantor of Central Asia and the Russian Ukraine relationship was in a difficult position.
In the 2003~2004 years, the relationship between the United States and the United States deteriorated. Uzbekistan amended the pro american diplomacy and adopted a balanced policy. After the outbreak of the Andijon incident in.2005, the Russian Ukraine knot was the strategic partner of the Andijon. In order to avoid international isolation, Uzbekistan was fully invested in the Russian arms, and the two countries were allied. After that, the relations between Russia and Ukraine began to enter the rapid development stage. The two countries began to enter the rapid development stage. The international situation of economic and human cooperation has been greatly improved since.2008, and the relationship between us and America has been warming up. In 2011, after the Obama administration announced the withdrawal of the army from Afghanistan, the close pace of umei obviously accelerated Russia's policy of strengthening the Central Asia since.2008, and tested the tolerance of the Ukraine to the integration of the CIS. The two countries' leaders still maintain regular political consultations, Russia is the largest trading partner in Uzbekistan, and the Ukraine is learning. The interest of Russian is increasing year by year.
Through the investigation of the history of the development and evolution of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, this article holds that, based on the common interests, security, economy and human factors are the positive factors contributing to the cooperation between Russia and Ukraine. For the sake of geopolitical purpose, the struggle with Russia in Central Asia has always been a barrier to the development of relations between Russia and Ukraine.
In the future, the development of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is full of opportunities and challenges. In the context of the withdrawal of Afghanistan, the issue of Afghanistan is still complex and difficult to solve for a moment. The cooperation between Russia and Ukraine in economic, economic, energy and humanities is still close; the presidential election is to be held in Ukraine. In order to keep the smooth transition of the regime, the Ukraine needs Russian support. But at the same time, the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is also facing challenges. Can Russia become an example of the Ukrainian economy and meet the investment needs of the Ukraine; to pursue a balanced foreign policy of Russia and the United States, and to open the door for cooperation for the United States while developing the relations between Russia and Russia; the smooth realization of the change of the Ukrainian regime. It will have a direct impact on the interests of Russia in Central Asia. Russia needs to find a solution that is satisfied with both sides in the water resources of Central Asia. After 2014, the United States obviously does not intend to give up its existence in Central Asia and how the new silk road plan is implemented in the United States, which will pose a realistic challenge to the relationship between Russia and Ukraine.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D851.2;D836.2
本文编号：2138202
[Abstract]:The relationship between Russia and Uzbekistan is one of the most important bilateral relations in the relations between Russia and the CIS. From a historical point of view, this article examines the development and existing problems of the political, military, economic and human relations between the two countries since 1991, and analyses the various factors that affect the relations between the two countries, thus revealing the two countries' relations. The characteristics and laws of the development.
The history of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine originated from the tsarist Russia's conquest of Central Asia. Russia and Ukraine lived together as a country in Russia and the Soviet Union for more than 100 years. This history has a certain influence on the relationship between Russia and Ukraine. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Ukraine in March 1992, the two countries have undergone a process of development and evolution. Kstan maintained its dependence on Russia, while Russia pursued a "Pro western" diplomacy and a policy of "throwing a burden" on Central Asia. The fracture of unified economic space reduced the level of economic cooperation between the two countries. In order to consolidate the political power, Uzbekistan tried to reduce the existence of Russian and Russian culture, and a large number of Russian languages. When the residents moved back to Russia, they all had a negative impact on the relationship between the two countries. However, the outbreak of the civil war in Tajikistan and the upheaval in Afghanistan made Russia give up the "burden of the burden" to some extent, and Russia and Ukraine jointly advocated the establishment of a collective security treaty.
After the end of the Russian and American honeymoon period in the middle and late 90s of last century, Russia gave up the "Pro western" diplomacy thoroughly and attached great importance to Central Asia, taking Central Asia as a strategic backing for the restoration of great power status. While Uzbekistan gradually broke away from the domestic crisis and began to adopt the policy of alienating Russia. The United States has turned to Uzbekistan and the US relations have developed. But in 1996, the growth of Taliban forces in Afghanistan poses a threat to regional security, which makes it impossible to stay away from Russia. The two sides maintain close security consultations at the end of.1998, when Uzbekistan is convinced that Taliban will not pose a threat to the country, Uzbekistan is rapidly estranged. Russia, with the support of the United States, pulled out of the collective security treaty and joined the anti Russian ancient AmAm group. But the United States was unable to replace Russia on security issues. When the Islamic extremism threatened Central Asia in the summer and 2000 of 1999, Uzbekistan was again seeking Russian security assistance. The new century began with Putin coming to power and heavier. In view of the bilateral economic and cultural cooperation with the Central Asian countries on the bilateral basis, the economic and human cooperation between the two countries began to be active. After the "9.11" incident, the umei relationship was rapidly warming up, the United States became a security guarantor of Central Asia and the Russian Ukraine relationship was in a difficult position.
In the 2003~2004 years, the relationship between the United States and the United States deteriorated. Uzbekistan amended the pro american diplomacy and adopted a balanced policy. After the outbreak of the Andijon incident in.2005, the Russian Ukraine knot was the strategic partner of the Andijon. In order to avoid international isolation, Uzbekistan was fully invested in the Russian arms, and the two countries were allied. After that, the relations between Russia and Ukraine began to enter the rapid development stage. The two countries began to enter the rapid development stage. The international situation of economic and human cooperation has been greatly improved since.2008, and the relationship between us and America has been warming up. In 2011, after the Obama administration announced the withdrawal of the army from Afghanistan, the close pace of umei obviously accelerated Russia's policy of strengthening the Central Asia since.2008, and tested the tolerance of the Ukraine to the integration of the CIS. The two countries' leaders still maintain regular political consultations, Russia is the largest trading partner in Uzbekistan, and the Ukraine is learning. The interest of Russian is increasing year by year.
Through the investigation of the history of the development and evolution of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine, this article holds that, based on the common interests, security, economy and human factors are the positive factors contributing to the cooperation between Russia and Ukraine. For the sake of geopolitical purpose, the struggle with Russia in Central Asia has always been a barrier to the development of relations between Russia and Ukraine.
In the future, the development of the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is full of opportunities and challenges. In the context of the withdrawal of Afghanistan, the issue of Afghanistan is still complex and difficult to solve for a moment. The cooperation between Russia and Ukraine in economic, economic, energy and humanities is still close; the presidential election is to be held in Ukraine. In order to keep the smooth transition of the regime, the Ukraine needs Russian support. But at the same time, the relationship between Russia and Ukraine is also facing challenges. Can Russia become an example of the Ukrainian economy and meet the investment needs of the Ukraine; to pursue a balanced foreign policy of Russia and the United States, and to open the door for cooperation for the United States while developing the relations between Russia and Russia; the smooth realization of the change of the Ukrainian regime. It will have a direct impact on the interests of Russia in Central Asia. Russia needs to find a solution that is satisfied with both sides in the water resources of Central Asia. After 2014, the United States obviously does not intend to give up its existence in Central Asia and how the new silk road plan is implemented in the United States, which will pose a realistic challenge to the relationship between Russia and Ukraine.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D851.2;D836.2
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