战后初期斯大林对华“双轨”政策的形成

发布时间：2018-08-01 13:12

【摘要】：战后初期是斯大林对华政策框架的基本形成阶段。雅尔塔《秘密协定》与《中苏友好同盟条约》的签订,基本上确立了战后苏联对华外交的基本框架。在此框架下,为了维护苏联的根本利益,斯大林一方面积极履行在谈判中的承诺,将国民党政府作为主要合作对象,督促中共领导人赴重庆谈判;另一方面出于对美蒋独占东北的忧惧,先是有计划地将抗联部队部署到东北的战略要地,后又对进入东北的中共部队提供积极援助。由此,战后初期斯大林的对华政策体现出鲜明的"双轨"性。在这种"双轨"政策下,苏联与中共在东北逐渐形成了一种战略性的关系,这对中共全国战略的形成与实施均产生了重要影响。利用已解密的中、苏、美外交档案,对《中苏友好同盟条约》签订前后斯大林对华政策的形成过程进行考察,可以探寻战后初期斯大林对华"双轨"政策的形成及特点。
[Abstract]:The early postwar period was the basic formative stage of Stalin's policy framework towards China. The signing of Yalta's Secret Agreement and the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union basically established the basic framework of Soviet diplomacy to China after the war. In this framework, in order to safeguard the fundamental interests of the Soviet Union, Stalin, on the one hand, actively fulfilled the promise in the negotiations, the KMT government as the main object of cooperation, urged the CPC leaders to Chongqing negotiations; On the other hand, out of fear of the exclusive occupation of the Northeast by the United States and Chiang Kai-shek, the United Nations troops were systematically deployed to the strategic areas of the Northeast, and then the Chinese Communists who entered the Northeast provided active assistance. As a result, Stalin's policy toward China in the early postwar period reflected a distinct "two-track" nature. Under this "dual track" policy, the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of China gradually formed a strategic relationship in the Northeast, which had an important impact on the formation and implementation of the Chinese Communist Party's national strategy. By using the declassified diplomatic archives of China, the Soviet Union and the United States, to investigate the forming process of Stalin's China policy before and after the signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union, we can explore the formation and characteristics of Stalin's "dual track" policy toward China in the early postwar period.
【作者单位】：北京大学国际关系学院;
【分类号】：D851.2

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