小布什执政时期的中美环境外交研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 13:09
【摘要】：本文系统地论述了小布什执政时期(2001-2008)的中美环境外交。进入21世纪以来,中国的经济飞速发展,经济社会发展与环境问题的矛盾日益突出,而以美国为首的西方发达国家更借环境外交之由不断地给中国施压,企图干涉中国的崛起与发展。与此同时,美国的环境外交政策的发展随着政府的更迭也发生了截然不同的变化,与克林顿政府积极的环境外交政策相比,在小布什政府单边主义的影响下美国的环境外交政策也变得相对消极,尤其在宣布退出《京都议定书》之后,更是将美国在国际环境领域的公信力拉入低谷。首先梳理了中美两国各自的环境外交政策的发展变化,介绍了中美环境外交的具体内容。包括政府高层之间签订的双边及多边协议,确立了一些促进环境保护发展的合作与投资项目等,并且在政府间合作的大环境影响下,中美民间合作也得到了良好的发展,特别是福特基金会与中美民间交流研讨会等环境非政府组织和机制的建立更是在一定程度上加深了两国的环境外交发展。中美政府及民间的双边环境外交合作,也为相对消极的中美环境外交带来了一些起色。其次是中美环境外交过程中的矛盾分析。在应对气候变化问题上两国分别代表了不同阵营的立场,作为发展中国家的中方提倡的是更加合理的共同但有区别的责任,而作为发达国家的美国工业化程度相对较成熟,更多的从自身利益出发并且借环境外交的手段来牵制中国的崛起,完全不顾及以中国为代表的广大发展中国家的实际情况,单方面强调共同的平等的环保责任。中美在环境合作中也缺乏战略互信,美国对于中国的各种环境威胁论的呼声也是愈演愈烈,企图在环境合作中掺杂更多的政治因素。最后是对中美环境外交影响的评价。一方面中美大国环境外交带动了区域及全球环境合作的进步,而在环境全球化的形势下正是需要各国的共同参与及维护。另一方面中美环境外交的矛盾与合作也给中国环境外交提供了许多积极的借鉴意义。但是环境外交的深入开展同样会造成一些消极的干涉因素,例如对国家的主权让渡与主权干涉的平衡问题等。
[Abstract]:This paper systematically discusses the environmental diplomacy between China and the United States during the Bush administration (2001-2008). Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid development of China's economy, the contradiction between economic and social development and environmental problems has become increasingly prominent. However, Western developed countries, led by the United States, have been exerting constant pressure on China on the basis of environmental diplomacy. Attempts to interfere with China's rise and development. At the same time, the development of the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also undergone very different changes with the change of government, compared with the active environmental foreign policy of the Clinton administration. Under the influence of Bush Administration unilateralism, the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also become relatively negative, especially after the announcement of withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol, the credibility of the United States in the international environment has been drawn into a low point. Firstly, the development and changes of the environmental foreign policy of China and the United States are reviewed, and the specific contents of the environmental diplomacy are introduced. Including bilateral and multilateral agreements signed between high levels of government, some cooperation and investment projects to promote environmental protection and development have been established, and under the influence of the great environment of intergovernmental cooperation, Sino-US non-governmental cooperation has also achieved good development. In particular, the establishment of environmental non-governmental organizations and mechanisms, such as the Ford Foundation and the Sino-American Folk Exchange Seminar, has deepened the development of environmental diplomacy between the two countries to a certain extent. The bilateral environmental diplomatic cooperation between China and the United States has also brought some improvement to the relatively negative environment diplomacy between China and the United States. The second is the analysis of contradictions in the process of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States. China, as a developing country, advocates more reasonable common but differentiated responsibilities, while the United States, as a developed country, is relatively mature in industrialization. More from their own interests and by means of environmental diplomacy to contain the rise of China, completely disregarding the actual situation of the vast number of developing countries represented by China, unilateral emphasis on the common equal responsibility for environmental protection. There is also a lack of strategic mutual trust between China and the United States in environmental cooperation, and calls from the United States for China's various environmental threat theories are also growing, in an attempt to mix more political factors into environmental cooperation. Finally, the impact of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States is evaluated. On the one hand, the environmental diplomacy of the great powers of China and the United States has promoted the progress of regional and global environmental cooperation, and under the circumstance of environmental globalization, it needs the joint participation and maintenance of all countries. On the other hand, the contradiction and cooperation of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States also provide a lot of positive reference significance for China's environmental diplomacy. However, the further development of environmental diplomacy will also cause some negative interference factors, such as the balance between the transfer of sovereignty to the state and sovereign interference.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D829.712
本文编号：2157683
[Abstract]:This paper systematically discusses the environmental diplomacy between China and the United States during the Bush administration (2001-2008). Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the rapid development of China's economy, the contradiction between economic and social development and environmental problems has become increasingly prominent. However, Western developed countries, led by the United States, have been exerting constant pressure on China on the basis of environmental diplomacy. Attempts to interfere with China's rise and development. At the same time, the development of the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also undergone very different changes with the change of government, compared with the active environmental foreign policy of the Clinton administration. Under the influence of Bush Administration unilateralism, the environmental foreign policy of the United States has also become relatively negative, especially after the announcement of withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol, the credibility of the United States in the international environment has been drawn into a low point. Firstly, the development and changes of the environmental foreign policy of China and the United States are reviewed, and the specific contents of the environmental diplomacy are introduced. Including bilateral and multilateral agreements signed between high levels of government, some cooperation and investment projects to promote environmental protection and development have been established, and under the influence of the great environment of intergovernmental cooperation, Sino-US non-governmental cooperation has also achieved good development. In particular, the establishment of environmental non-governmental organizations and mechanisms, such as the Ford Foundation and the Sino-American Folk Exchange Seminar, has deepened the development of environmental diplomacy between the two countries to a certain extent. The bilateral environmental diplomatic cooperation between China and the United States has also brought some improvement to the relatively negative environment diplomacy between China and the United States. The second is the analysis of contradictions in the process of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States. China, as a developing country, advocates more reasonable common but differentiated responsibilities, while the United States, as a developed country, is relatively mature in industrialization. More from their own interests and by means of environmental diplomacy to contain the rise of China, completely disregarding the actual situation of the vast number of developing countries represented by China, unilateral emphasis on the common equal responsibility for environmental protection. There is also a lack of strategic mutual trust between China and the United States in environmental cooperation, and calls from the United States for China's various environmental threat theories are also growing, in an attempt to mix more political factors into environmental cooperation. Finally, the impact of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States is evaluated. On the one hand, the environmental diplomacy of the great powers of China and the United States has promoted the progress of regional and global environmental cooperation, and under the circumstance of environmental globalization, it needs the joint participation and maintenance of all countries. On the other hand, the contradiction and cooperation of environmental diplomacy between China and the United States also provide a lot of positive reference significance for China's environmental diplomacy. However, the further development of environmental diplomacy will also cause some negative interference factors, such as the balance between the transfer of sovereignty to the state and sovereign interference.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D829.712
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