中国和平崛起与民族主义思潮的兴起
发布时间：2018-08-11 17:11
【摘要】： 改革开放三十年来,中国以经济改革为标志的现代化建设取得了显著成就,综合国力大幅提升,中国崛起已经成为不可逆转的趋势。2003年11月3日,时任中国改革开放论坛理事长的郑必坚在博鳌亚洲论坛上做了题为《中国和平崛起新道路和亚洲的未来》的讲演。郑必坚认为,在今天新的时代条件下,中国只能选择奋力和平崛起,即争取和平的国际环境来发展自己,又以自己的发展来维护世界和平。国家主席胡锦涛与国务院总理温家宝也在不同场合阐述了“和平崛起”的理念与要义。 然而,随着中国国力的不断提升和国际影响的扩大,“对中国日益兴起的民族主义情绪感到担忧”成为世界舆论的热门话题,也成为一些国家解读“中国威胁论”的有力证佐。诚然,“伴随着中国的崛起,中国人的国民意识和精神状态也处在自主或不自主的转变过程中,民族主义思潮的重新泛起具有历史的必然性。而且基于“历史情结”和现实的假设,并不成熟的属于社会心理层面的中国民族主义思潮具有不可否认的“大国主义”以及“防日”、“抗美”、“反西方”等指向,这必然有狭隘的一面”。 上世纪九十年代中国的民族主义思潮开始兴起,“第一波是90年代初以何新的种种反西方言论为代表;第二波是一九九四年以来,以张颐武、陈晓明的后殖民文化批评、甘阳、崔之元的制度创新说和盛洪的文明比较论为代表;而《中国可以说不》可以说是反西方主义的第三波。”国内学者陈学明指出：“1990年—1995年为民族主义的酝酿期、1995年——2001年为民族主义的第一个高潮、2002年—2005年则为其又一个高潮。”可以说,中国和平崛起的提出促进了中国民族主义思潮又一个高潮的到来。2008年围绕西藏问题、汶川地震和北京奥运会,民族主义思潮进一步高涨。“藏独”,“台独”在内的民族分裂活动产生的以国家认同为基础的民族主义情绪的抬头为世界所瞩目；汶川地震彰显了理性民族主义中的爱国主义精神；而奥运会的举办又唤醒中国人积压心头已久的“强国之梦”。值得一提的是互联网由于其方便和快捷等优势,成为民众情绪化的表达、政治参与和中国民族主义蔓延的一个广阔的平台。但应该注意的是网络上形成了一种令人担忧的现象,情绪极端者的声音越来越大,激进成了主流,民族主义的情绪有走向偏激的危险。 对于中国民族主义的持续升温,“中国政府总的看来还是非常冷静和务实的,推行了理性民族主义”。中国政府明白,中国和平崛起需要民族精神的支撑,而民族主义是一把双刃剑。如果是在爱国主义的框架里,它可以是一种强大的、团结和鼓舞人的力量。而另一方面,狭隘的民族主义可以让国人认为自己比其他国家的人民优越,而教化国人仇恨、轻视其他民族,这样的民族主义是非常具有破坏性的,对中国的和平崛起进程也会是一种灾难性的影响。中国选择和平的崛起,不仅为中国的崛起奠定了道义、伦理和正当性基础,也说明中国政府希望培养的是中国民众在爱国主义下的理性的民族主义。对于中国如何处理和平崛起与从中产生的中国民族主义之间的内在联系,也将是整个中国在和平崛起的道路上需要面对的问题。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in its modernization drive marked by economic reform. China's rise has become an irreversible trend. On November 3, 2003, Zheng Bijian, then chairman of the China Reform and Opening Forum, made a speech at the Boao Forum on Asia entitled "A New Road for China's Peaceful Rise" Zheng Bijian believes that in the new era, China can only choose to strive for peaceful rise, that is, strive for a peaceful international environment to develop itself and maintain world peace with its own development. Ideas and essentials.
However, with the continuous improvement of China's power and the expansion of its international influence, "worrying about the rising nationalist sentiment in China" has become a hot topic of world public opinion, and has become a powerful proof for some countries to interpret the "China threat theory". In the process of self-determination or self-determination, the revival of nationalism has historical inevitability, and on the basis of "historical complex" and realistic assumptions, the immature Chinese nationalism, which belongs to the social and psychological level, has undeniable "big power" and "anti-Japanese", "anti-American" and "anti-Western" ideological trends. Pointing to "Fang" and so forth, this is bound to have a narrow side.
The nationalist trend of thought in China began to rise in the 1990s. The first wave was represented by the new anti-Western speeches in the early 1990s. The second wave was represented by Zhang Yiwu, Chen Xiaoming's post-colonial cultural criticism, Ganyang, Cui Zhiyuan's system innovation theory and Sheng Hong's comparative theory of civilization since 1994. It can be said that the proposal of China's peaceful rise has promoted the trend of Chinese nationalism. The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games witnessed a further upsurge in nationalism. The rise of nationalist sentiments based on national identity generated by ethnic separatist activities such as "Tibetan independence" and "Taiwan independence" has attracted worldwide attention. The Wenchuan Earthquake has highlighted the rational nationalism in China. It is worth mentioning that the Internet has become a broad platform for people's emotional expression, political participation and the spread of Chinese nationalism because of its convenience and rapidity. It is a worrying phenomenon that the voices of the emotional extremists are growing louder and louder, that radicalism is becoming the mainstream, and that nationalist sentiment is in danger of going to extremes.
The Chinese government understands that China's peaceful rise needs the support of the national spirit, and nationalism is a double-edged sword. If it is within the framework of patriotism, it can be a strong, United force. On the other hand, narrow nationalism can make people think that they are superior to the people of other countries, while enlightening people to hate and despise other peoples. Such nationalism is very destructive and will have a disastrous impact on China's peaceful rise process. It not only lays a moral, ethical and legitimate foundation for China's rise, but also shows that the Chinese government hopes to cultivate the rational nationalism of the Chinese people under patriotism. Problems that need to be faced.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D820
本文编号：2177673
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in its modernization drive marked by economic reform. China's rise has become an irreversible trend. On November 3, 2003, Zheng Bijian, then chairman of the China Reform and Opening Forum, made a speech at the Boao Forum on Asia entitled "A New Road for China's Peaceful Rise" Zheng Bijian believes that in the new era, China can only choose to strive for peaceful rise, that is, strive for a peaceful international environment to develop itself and maintain world peace with its own development. Ideas and essentials.
However, with the continuous improvement of China's power and the expansion of its international influence, "worrying about the rising nationalist sentiment in China" has become a hot topic of world public opinion, and has become a powerful proof for some countries to interpret the "China threat theory". In the process of self-determination or self-determination, the revival of nationalism has historical inevitability, and on the basis of "historical complex" and realistic assumptions, the immature Chinese nationalism, which belongs to the social and psychological level, has undeniable "big power" and "anti-Japanese", "anti-American" and "anti-Western" ideological trends. Pointing to "Fang" and so forth, this is bound to have a narrow side.
The nationalist trend of thought in China began to rise in the 1990s. The first wave was represented by the new anti-Western speeches in the early 1990s. The second wave was represented by Zhang Yiwu, Chen Xiaoming's post-colonial cultural criticism, Ganyang, Cui Zhiyuan's system innovation theory and Sheng Hong's comparative theory of civilization since 1994. It can be said that the proposal of China's peaceful rise has promoted the trend of Chinese nationalism. The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games witnessed a further upsurge in nationalism. The rise of nationalist sentiments based on national identity generated by ethnic separatist activities such as "Tibetan independence" and "Taiwan independence" has attracted worldwide attention. The Wenchuan Earthquake has highlighted the rational nationalism in China. It is worth mentioning that the Internet has become a broad platform for people's emotional expression, political participation and the spread of Chinese nationalism because of its convenience and rapidity. It is a worrying phenomenon that the voices of the emotional extremists are growing louder and louder, that radicalism is becoming the mainstream, and that nationalist sentiment is in danger of going to extremes.
The Chinese government understands that China's peaceful rise needs the support of the national spirit, and nationalism is a double-edged sword. If it is within the framework of patriotism, it can be a strong, United force. On the other hand, narrow nationalism can make people think that they are superior to the people of other countries, while enlightening people to hate and despise other peoples. Such nationalism is very destructive and will have a disastrous impact on China's peaceful rise process. It not only lays a moral, ethical and legitimate foundation for China's rise, but also shows that the Chinese government hopes to cultivate the rational nationalism of the Chinese people under patriotism. Problems that need to be faced.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D820
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 李保国;林伯海;;当代中国民族主义研究综述[J];西南交通大学学报(社会科学版);2011年04期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 李保国;马克思主义视域中的当代中国民族主义研究[D];西南交通大学;2012年
，本文编号：2177673
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