美国亚太再平衡战略对中国周边安全环境的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 13:32

【摘要】：在全球化的浪潮下,中国通过改革开放获得了经济上的快速发展,综合国力不断上升。这得益于中国把握了和平与发展的时代主题,积极创造和维护国内外的稳定环境。中国一直致力于营造和维护一种对中国国内经济发展有利的环境。但这一努力并不简单,相反,因为中国周边环境的复杂性,导致这一努力耗费巨大。中国周边环境的复杂性,既包括内容的复杂性和解决的复杂性。内容上,中国周边主要包括：与一些周边国家还存在领土、领海争端；地区内存在多个大国；地区传统安全和非传统安全问题并存等。问题解决上,因为这些问题产生的历史因素和现实因素较为复杂,导致这些问题在短期内都不能得到妥善解决。这让我国需要花费大量的外交精力在周边地区。这不仅制约着中国自身的经济发展,也制约着中国走向世界。让中国周边环境更加复杂还有一个非常重要的因素,那就是美国。冷战后,美国成为全球唯一超级大国。为了巩固其领导地位,美国在全球范围内制定了一整套战略。在亚太地区,中国一直是美国认定的主要对手。冷战后美国历届政府都对亚太战略进行了具体设计,围堵中国一直是其战略重点。尤其是奥巴马政府上台后,美国的全球战略重点转移到了亚太地区,中国更是被其战略重点关注。因为美国的参与,使原本复杂的地区问题进一步复杂化。美国直接或间接的参与和影响与我国的领土争端问题,让中国与他国的争端问题形成僵持,也给中国的内政问题(台湾问题)制造困难。同时,地区传统安全问题上,朝鲜半岛问题,也是因为冷战美国与苏联对抗形成的南北分裂局面,又因为美国支持韩国而使朝鲜对美国产生敌视,才使地区形势不定期的紧张升级。最后,美国在地区的活动,让中国在这一地区开展周边外交的成效大打折扣。中国的实力增长让周边一些国家感到威胁,美国的活动让这些国家倾向于引入这一域外大国作为他们与中国关系的筹码。这样中国就需要付出更多努力来经营周边才能得到更多成效。
[Abstract]:In the tide of globalization, China has achieved rapid economic development through reform and opening up, and the overall national strength has been rising. This is because China has grasped the theme of peace and development and actively created and maintained a stable environment at home and abroad. China has been working to create and maintain a favorable environment for China's domestic economic development. But this effort is not simple, on the contrary, because of the complexity of China's surrounding environment, it is costly. The complexity of China's surrounding environment includes both the complexity of the content and the complexity of the solution. In terms of content, China's periphery mainly includes: there are still territorial and territorial sea disputes with some neighboring countries; there are many big powers in the region; and the traditional and non-traditional security problems coexist in the region and so on. The problems can not be solved properly in the short term because of the complicated historical and realistic factors. This makes it necessary for our country to spend a great deal of diplomatic energy in the surrounding areas. This not only restricts China's own economic development, but also restricts China to the world. Another very important factor that complicates China's surroundings is the United States. After the cold war, the United States became the only superpower in the world. To consolidate its leadership, the United States has developed a global strategy. In the Asia-Pacific region, China has been a major rival to the United States. Since the Cold War, successive American governments have designed the Asia-Pacific strategy, and containment of China has always been its strategic focus. Especially after the Obama administration came to power, the global strategic focus of the United States shifted to the Asia-Pacific region, and China was also the focus of its strategy. Because of the participation of the United States, the original complex regional issues further complicated. The direct or indirect participation and influence of the United States in the territorial dispute with China makes the dispute between China and other countries a stalemate and makes it difficult for China's internal affairs (the Taiwan issue). At the same time, on the issue of traditional regional security, the Korean Peninsula issue is also due to the North-South split that resulted from the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in the cold war, and North Korea's hostility to the United States because of its support for South Korea. It is only then that the tension in the region escalates from time to time. Finally, U.S. activities in the region have made China's peripheral diplomacy in the region less effective. China's growing power threatens neighboring countries, which tend to introduce the foreign power as a bargaining chip in their relations with China because of U.S. activity. In this way, China needs to pay more efforts to operate the surrounding areas to get more results.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D871.2

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