奥巴马政府“巧实力”外交在美国东北亚同盟中的运用

发布时间：2018-08-22 10:14

【摘要】：奥巴马政府上台以来，积极推行外交新思维，明确提出将“巧实力”外交作为其外交调整的新方式。希拉里·克林顿将其表述为“通过灵巧运用可由美国支配的所有政策工具，包括外交、经济、军事、政治、法律和文化等各种手段，恢复美国的全球领导力”。随着美国的战略东移，奥巴马政府提出实施亚太战略的六条路径，其中第一条便是强化双边安全同盟，将二者结合，美国势必会将“巧实力”外交应用到强化同盟的过程中。本文以“巧实力”外交为研究对象，从现实应用角度出发，重点分析了奥巴马政府将“巧实力”外交运用到同盟中的原因、具体的践行方式和产生的影响，以及“巧实力”外交在同盟的发展趋势，本文的基础结构分为四个部分：第一部分，“巧实力”概念的基本分析。首先对“巧实力”概念的来源及内涵进行阐述，继而分析“巧实力”的三个特点：综合性、内外互动性和相对变化性，这些特点为美国将“巧实力”运用到同盟中提供了巨大的空间，使理念可以在现实的需求中获得张力并转化为外交政策。第二部分，奥巴马政府对同盟展开“巧实力”外交的原因。在这部分中，本文分别从同盟面对威胁的多元化、金融危机后美国国家力量的相对下降以及东北亚地区的结构变动性和矛盾复杂性三个角度分析了美国在同盟中践行“巧实力”外交的原因。基于这些现实因素，美国积极将“巧实力”外交运用到同盟中，与之进行博弈，以获得最大的国家利益。第三部分，“巧实力”外交在同盟中的践行。通过分析美国在同盟中实施“巧实力”外交的整体框架，分别从美国多方位强化同盟硬实力和提升同盟软实力两个方面着手，结合具体的事例，详细论述了美国是如何在同盟中践行“巧实力”外交的。并揭示出奥巴马政府将“巧实力”外交应用到同盟中只不过是在美国国力相对下降的情况下强化同盟关系的权宜之计，仅仅是手段和方式的变化，并不是战略的根本改变。第四部分，“巧实力”外交在同盟中践行的评估。该部分首先论述了“巧实力”外交在同盟中践行后对同盟产生的影响，，通过“巧实力”外交，美国达到了综合捆绑盟友、弥补自身实力下降、全面威慑对手的目的。其次探索出“巧实力”外交的实质就是通过变革传统的外交手段，实现和维护美国的国家利益。最后探析了“巧实力”外交在同盟中发展的走势。总之，奥巴马政府将“巧实力”外交运用到同盟中，是一次大胆的外交变革方式，是美国强化同盟，实现霸权的灵巧手段。“巧实力”外交发挥的好，同盟关系就会越加强化，“巧实力”外交发挥的不好就会更加增加同盟的脆弱性。未来“巧实力”外交能否在同盟中继续发展、如何发展，取决于多方原因，其结果还有待于观察。
[Abstract]:Since the Obama administration came to power, it has actively promoted the new thinking of diplomacy, and clearly put forward "skillful power" diplomacy as a new way to adjust its diplomacy. Hillary Clinton described it as "restoring American global leadership by dexterous use of all policy tools at the disposal of the United States, including diplomatic, economic, military, political, legal and cultural means." As the U.S. strategy moves eastward, the Obama administration proposes six ways to implement the Asia-Pacific strategy, the first of which is to strengthen the bilateral security alliance and combine the two. The United States is bound to apply "skillful power" diplomacy to the process of strengthening the alliance. This paper takes "skillful power" diplomacy as the research object, from the angle of practical application, analyzes the reasons why the Obama administration applied "skillful power" diplomacy to the alliance, the concrete practice mode and the influence. As well as the development trend of "skillful power" diplomacy in alliance, the basic structure of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the basic analysis of the concept of "skillful power". First of all, the origin and connotation of the concept of "skillful strength" are expounded, and then three characteristics of "skillful power" are analyzed: comprehensiveness, internal and external interactivity and relative variability. These characteristics provide a huge space for the United States to apply "skillful power" to the alliance, so that the concept can obtain tension in the actual need and be translated into foreign policy. The second part is the reason for the Obama administration's diplomacy with allies. In this part, this article from the alliance to face the threat of diversification, After the financial crisis, the relative decline of American national power and the structural change and the complexity of contradictions in Northeast Asia are analyzed to analyze the reasons why the United States practices "skillful power" diplomacy in the alliance. Based on these realistic factors, the United States actively applies "skillful power" diplomacy to its allies and plays a game with it in order to obtain the greatest national interests. The third part, the diplomatic practice of "skillful power" in the alliance. By analyzing the overall framework of the United States' implementation of "skillful power" diplomacy in the alliance, starting from the two aspects of strengthening the hard power of the United States in various directions and enhancing the soft power of the alliance, and combining with concrete examples, This paper discusses in detail how the United States practices diplomacy of skillful power in its alliance. It also reveals that the Obama administration's application of "skillful power" diplomacy to the alliance is only an expedient measure to strengthen the alliance relationship under the circumstances of the relative decline in American national strength, and it is only a change in means and methods, not a fundamental change in strategy. The fourth part is the evaluation of the diplomatic practice of skillful power in the alliance. This part first discusses the influence of "skillful power" diplomacy on the alliance after it is carried out in the alliance. Through the "skillful power" diplomacy, the United States has achieved the purpose of synthetically tying up its allies, making up for the decline of its own strength, and deterring its opponents in an all-round way. Secondly, to explore the essence of "skillful power" diplomacy is to realize and safeguard the national interests of the United States through the reform of traditional diplomatic means. Finally, it analyzes the trend of the development of the diplomacy of skillful power in the alliance. In a word, the Obama administration's application of "skillful power" diplomacy to the alliance is a bold diplomatic transformation and a clever means for the United States to strengthen its alliance and realize its hegemony. If "skillful power" diplomacy plays well, the alliance relationship will be strengthened more and more, and the "skillful power" diplomacy will increase the alliance's fragility. Whether the diplomacy of skillful power can continue to develop in the alliance in the future, and how to develop, depends on many reasons, and the result remains to be seen.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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