浅析公共外交在突发事件中的运用

发布时间：2018-08-25 16:31

【摘要】：经济全球化的不断深化和网络信息技术的突飞猛进，把整个世界紧密联系在一起，国与国之间的利益交织在一起，国内问题国际化已经成为不争的事实，一国境内发生的事在短短时间内就会传遍全世界，国际舆论不仅深刻影响着国际政治的进程，还对一国国内的政治、经济、社会等各个领域产生重要的影响。随着中国的迅速崛起，“中国威胁论”在西方社会仍然大有市场，一些企图对中国进行歪曲报道的西方媒体仍然在不断寻找机会，近些年来我国自然灾害频发，又处于经济快速发展的社会转型期，各种社会矛盾凸显，突发事件高发，事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件层出不穷，突发事件一旦发生，如果政府处理得妥当，会给国家形象和政府形象加分，处理得不好，就会给一些西方媒体歪曲中国提供机会，甚至会对长期建构起来的良好国家形象造成重大破坏，使国家面临不利的国际舆论环境。而公共外交把国外广大的公众作为沟通的对象，通过向外国公众传播信息、和他们交流思想从而达到澄清事实、消除误解，影响外国公众的态度和引导国际舆论的效果。因而，在重大突发事件发生后，及时开展公共外交活动是十分必要的，有利于和国际社会迅速进行沟通对话，争取国际社会的理解和认同，尽可能避免或降低突发事件带来的负面影响，甚至能化危机为国家形象建构的契机。在2003年的“非典”事件中，当地政府在“非典”初期对疫情进行遮掩隐瞒，甚至“谎报”疫情，等到疫情失控了才站出来面对社会，不但丧失了引导国际舆论的主导权，还引起了国际社会对中国的质疑和批评，让别有用心的外媒有机会进行歪曲夸大性报道，，抹黑中国，给我国的国家形象造成严重的负面影响，让中国一度面临严峻的国际舆论环境，相当被动。而在汶川地震中，中国一改以往隐瞒遮掩的作风，自信勇敢面对国内外公众，及时开展有效的公共外交，掌握国际舆论引导的主动权，并与世界积极展开救援合作，向世界展示了一个负责任的、友好合作、以人为本的国家形象，赢得国际社会前所未有的赞扬之声。本文在总结“非典”事件中应该吸取的教训，总结“汶川大地震”中值得吸收的经验的基础上，对当前我国公共外交在突发事件中的功能和所取得的效果进行评估，最后针对如何在突发事件中开展有效的公共外交提出了几点浅薄的建议。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of economic globalization and the rapid development of network information technology, the whole world is closely linked, the interests of countries are intertwined, and the internationalization of domestic issues has become an indisputable fact. What happens in a country will spread all over the world in a short time. International public opinion not only deeply affects the process of international politics, but also has an important impact on the domestic politics, economy, society and other fields of a country. With the rapid rise of China, the theory of "China threat" still has a large market in Western society. Some Western media trying to distort and report on China are still looking for opportunities. In recent years, natural disasters have occurred frequently in our country. In the social transition period of rapid economic development, all kinds of social contradictions have become prominent, with a high incidence of emergencies, accidents, public health incidents, and social security incidents. Once emergencies occur, if the government handles them properly, If the national image and the government image are not handled well, it will give some western media an opportunity to distort China, and even cause great damage to the good national image that has been built for a long time, and make the country face an unfavorable international public opinion environment. Public diplomacy takes the foreign public as the object of communication, through the dissemination of information to the foreign public, and exchange ideas with them to clarify the facts, eliminate misunderstandings, affect the attitude of foreign public and the effect of guiding international public opinion. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out public diplomacy activities in a timely manner after the occurrence of major emergencies, which is conducive to prompt communication and dialogue with the international community so as to gain the understanding and recognition of the international community. Avoid or reduce the negative impact of unexpected events as much as possible, and even turn the crisis into an opportunity for national image construction. In the "SARS" incident of 2003, the local government concealed the epidemic at the initial stage of the SARS epidemic, or even "falsely reported" the epidemic, and waited until the epidemic was out of control to stand up to society. Not only did it lose the leading power to guide international public opinion. It has also caused the international community to question and criticize China, giving foreign media with ulterior motives the opportunity to distort and exaggerate their reports, smear China, and have a serious negative impact on our country's image. Let China once face austere international public opinion environment, quite passive. In the Wenchuan earthquake, China changed its past style of concealment, bravely faced the public at home and abroad, promptly launched effective public diplomacy, grasped the initiative of international public opinion guidance, and actively launched rescue cooperation with the world. To show the world a responsible, friendly, people-oriented national image, won the international community's unprecedented praise. On the basis of summing up the lessons to be learned in the SARS incident and the experiences worth absorbing in the Wenchuan earthquake, this paper evaluates the functions and effects of China's public diplomacy in sudden events. Finally, some shallow suggestions on how to carry out effective public diplomacy in emergencies are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D80

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