小布什政府“大中东计划”受挫影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 19:02

【摘要】：“9·11”恐怖袭击事件使美国清醒地认识到，恐怖主义已经成为美国国家安全和国家利益的主要威胁，发动“9·11”袭击的恐怖主义分子多半来自中东，中东伊斯兰地区被美国视为当今世界滋生恐怖主义的“温床”。经反复酝酿和策划，美国出台了“大中东计划”，力图通过“民主改造伊斯兰世界”来消除恐怖主义和维护美国在中东地区的霸权优势。但是，“大中东计划”的实施情况并没有朝着美国所预期的方向发展,这主要有以下几点原因：从中东地区看，地域广阔，宗教、政治、经济、统治方式等均有自己的特殊性，情况非常复杂，还存在强烈的反美情绪甚至反美主义；从美国自身看，推行“大中东计划”的理论依据如历史终结论、民主和平论等经不起推敲，理论的偏颇必然带来行动的失误。此外，美国既低估了世界的复杂性，也高估了自己的实力，因而力不从心；从其它因素看，美国的行动还会受到欧盟、俄罗斯、中国等诸多大国力量的牵制。“大中东计划”受挫还有更深层的因素，即“文明的冲突”。亨廷顿发现了文明冲突的存在事实及地域分布规律。以各自宗教为内核的两类文明差异巨大甚至互不相容，，因而文明对话难，文明冲突易。上述种种因素表明，“大中东计划”受挫是有其客观必然性的。
[Abstract]:The terrorist attacks of 11 September made the United States soberly aware that terrorism had become a major threat to the national security and national interests of the United States, and that most of the terrorists responsible for the 11 September attacks came from the Middle East, The Islamic region of the Middle East is regarded by the United States as a breeding ground for terrorism in today's world. After repeated brewing and planning, the United States has issued the "Greater Middle East Plan", which tries to eliminate terrorism and safeguard the hegemonic superiority of the United States in the Middle East through "democratic transformation of the Islamic world". However, the implementation of the "Greater Middle East Plan" has not developed in the direction expected by the United States. This is mainly due to the following reasons: from the point of view of the Middle East region, the region has its own particularity in terms of its vast territory, religion, politics, economy, and way of governance. The situation is very complicated, and there is still strong anti-American sentiment and even anti-Americanism. From the perspective of the United States itself, the theoretical basis for carrying out the "Greater Middle East Plan", such as the theory of historical termination and the theory of democratic peace, cannot stand up to scrutiny. The bias of theory will inevitably lead to action errors. In addition, the United States has underestimated the complexity of the world and overestimated its own strength, thus failing to do so. In other respects, its actions will be constrained by the powers of the European Union, Russia and China. There is also a deeper factor in the frustration of the Greater Middle East project, the clash of civilizations. Huntington discovered the existence of the clash of civilizations and the law of regional distribution. The differences between the two civilizations, which are based on their respective religions, are great or even incompatible, so it is difficult for civilization to dialogue and clash with each other. All these factors show that the setback of the Greater Middle East Project is inevitable.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

【相似文献】