简论“无公认行为体”的形成及国际承认

发布时间：2018-09-06 11:33

【摘要】：分裂主义威胁和损害国家领土和主权的完整,对国际政治秩序造成重大危害。它违背国际法和国际惯例,破坏国家、地区的稳定和发展。由于分裂主义直接威胁国家的核心利益,所以任何一个国家和政府都不会容忍分裂主义,都会尽全力与之斗争,以捍卫国家的最高利益和尊严,这是国家和政府的重大责任。二十世纪七十年代希腊和土耳其的战争催生了北塞浦路斯,九十年代南联盟与北约的战争促成了科索沃的独立,而新世纪俄罗斯和格鲁吉亚的冲突使得阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯宣布成为独立国家。纵观这四个实体,它们在法律上从属于一个得到国际公认的国家,它们拥有定居的人口、确定的管理边界、具有有效统治的政府,但是由于缺少国际承认而缺少对外行为。我们把这一类地区称为“无公认的非国家行为体”。这些行为体在国际社会中的地位模糊,由于没有得到国际社会的承认,它们无法与他国签订国家间的协议,无法参加主权国家能够参与的国际协定；由于内部形势不稳无法吸引国际投资反而催生了许多非法贸易。从现状来看,分离并没有使当地人民获得更好的生活。我们应当通过对无公认的非国家行为体的研究,来从理论上支持我们国家的反分裂活动。研究方法：文献分析方法比较分析法个案分析法跨学科研究方法在国际法中,承认是最困难的问题之一。各国在给予或者拒绝承认的时候,主要是出于政治而不是法律考虑。除了国家承认之外,还有集体承认。加入联合国成为许多无公认非国家行为体的目标。这四个地区都存在着严重的民族矛盾问题,在民族矛盾激化和外部势力的干涉下,他们违背国际法自行宣布了独立。民族自决权并不代表鼓励现行主权国家内的少数民族、土著居民进行分裂活动。这四个无公认非国家行为体对国际关系有着重大影响,主要体现在：它们的独立开创了一个恶劣的先例,对其他民族分裂势力起到了刺激和鼓舞作用。由于国家的孱弱缔约权的缺失使得这些地区成为犯罪的天堂。同时,它们的出现扩大了欧盟国家间的间隙,恶化了美欧与俄罗斯的关系。领土问题的悬而未决也拖累了这四个地区原属国加入欧盟的步伐。分裂并不是处理民族问题最好的方法。
[Abstract]:Separatism threatens and impairs the integrity of national territory and sovereignty, and seriously endangers the international political order. It runs counter to international law and practice and undermines the stability and development of countries and regions. Since separatism directly threatens the core interests of the country, no country or government will tolerate separatism and will do its utmost to fight against it in order to safeguard the supreme interests and dignity of the country. This is a major responsibility of the state and the government. The wars between Greece and Turkey in the 1970s gave birth to Northern Cyprus. In the 1990s, the war between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO led to the independence of Kosovo. The conflict between Russia and Georgia in the new century led Abkhazia and South Ossetia to declare independent states. Throughout these four entities, they are legally subordinate to an internationally recognized State with a settled population, established administrative boundaries, and an effective government, but lack of external conduct due to lack of international recognition. We call this category an "unrecognized non-state actor." (a) the vague status of these actors in the international community, which, without their recognition, has prevented them from entering into inter-State agreements with other States and from participating in international agreements in which sovereign States can participate; Internal instability does not attract international investment but spawns much illegal trade. As things stand, separation has not led to a better life for the local people. We should theoretically support our country's anti-secession activities through the study of no recognized non-state actors. Research methods: literature analysis, comparative analysis, case analysis, cross-disciplinary research methods in international law, recognition is one of the most difficult problems. Countries give or refuse recognition mainly out of political rather than legal considerations. In addition to national recognition, there is collective recognition. Membership in the United Nations has become the goal of many unrecognized non-state actors. In these four regions, there are serious problems of ethnic contradictions. With the intensification of ethnic contradictions and the interference of external forces, they declared their independence in violation of international law. The right to self-determination does not mean encouraging ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples within existing sovereign states to engage in separatist activities. These four unrecognized non-State actors have a significant influence on international relations, mainly reflected in: their independence has set a bad precedent and played a stimulating and encouraging role for other ethnic separatist forces. Due to the weakness of the state, the lack of contracting rights makes these areas a paradise of crime. At the same time, their emergence widened the gap between EU countries and worsened relations between the US and Europe with Russia. Unresolved territorial issues have also slowed the accession of the four region's original states to the EU. Division is not the best way to deal with ethnic problems.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D815.9

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