印度在南亚区域合作联盟中的主导地位及其影响

发布时间：2018-09-06 16:21

【摘要】：南亚区域合作联盟于1985年成立，到2011年11月10日已相继召开了17次峰会。建立之初只包含南亚7个成员国，分别是孟加拉、不丹、印度、马尔代夫、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡，目前为止已发展成为一个包括8个成员国和9个观察员在内的区域性合作组织。南亚区域合作联盟自成立以来，在南亚经济和社会发展、妇女和人权进步等方面发挥了重要作用。南亚区域合作联盟是南亚人民本着友谊、信任和理解的心态，决心走向团结，解决共同问题的结晶，是以尊敬、公平和共赢为基础制定规则的组织。南亚地区国家在地理面积、人口数量、经济规模、军事实力等诸多方面都极不均衡。印度作为南亚地区的头号大国，它不仅在幅员、人口、资源、军事力量和发展水平等方面都处于绝对优势，而且踞于整个区域的中心，在南亚区域合作联盟中居于主导地位，对南亚区域合作联盟的发展和壮大起到了举足轻重的作用。本文从研究印度在南亚区域合作联盟中的主导地位入手，根据相关国际政治理论，运用文献研究法、历史分析法、案例分析法等多种研究方法，重点分析印度在南亚区域合作联盟中具有主导地位的原因，详尽阐述印度在南亚区域合作联盟中的影响以及深化南亚区域合作联盟发展的具体措施。从文章的内容和结构来看，本文包括以下四个部分：第一部分，印度在南亚区域合作联盟中的主导地位。通过分析印度在冷战时期、冷战后、新时期三个阶段的不同态度以及由此对南亚区域合作联盟发展造成的影响，表明其在南亚区域合作联盟中的主导地位。冷战时期，南亚区域合作联盟在印度的冷漠态度下艰难起步。而在美苏争霸结束后，印度的态度有所缓和，南亚区域合作联盟才得以缓慢发展。直至新时期，印度对南亚区域合作联盟表现出了积极推动的热情，直接促进了南亚区域合作联盟的快速发展。第二部分，印度在南亚区域合作联盟中起主导作用的原因。印度是南亚地区最强大的国家，主要表现在其地缘优势突出，位于南亚地区的中心位置，在国土面积、人口和资源等方面具有绝对优势；印度作为南亚地区的经济大国，较早的开始了工业化进程和绿色革命，科技化水平较高，出口额处于领先地位，，创造了强大的经济实力；“印度大联邦”构想使印度的南亚外交一直比较强势；印度的兵力资源充足，常规武器完备，并且重视发展核武器技术，具有超强的军事威慑力；此外，印度文化的鲜明特点，影响突出，在南亚形成了“印度文化圈”。第三部分，印度在南亚区域合作联盟中的双重影响。积极影响如推动发展南亚区域一体化进程，加强各成员国间的互信往来，有效避免区域内部争端的国际化，并逐步提高了南亚区域合作联盟的国际地位。与此同时，由于印度与邻国的经济互补性薄弱，在与他国的交往中追求霸主地位等原因，也使印度对南亚区域合作联盟的健康发展造成了一定的消极影响。第四部分，深化南亚区域合作联盟全面发展的措施。针对上述影响，本文主要提出了四个方面的对策：继续推动南亚区域一体化进程；彻底放弃称霸南亚的观念，妥善处理与南亚各国的关系；逐步缓和与巴基斯坦的冲突，早日解决印巴矛盾；加强南亚区域合作联盟同世界其他国家和国际组织的合作。积极实施相关对策，将能够给南亚区域合作联盟带来快速、健康的发展，使其成为一个更具潜力的区域性国际组织。总的来讲，本文通过对印度在南亚区域合作联盟中的主导地位及影响的阐述和分析，找到印度在南亚区域合作联盟中地位突出的主要原因，并提出引导南亚区域合作联盟继续深入发展的举措，以供讨论与交流。
[Abstract]:The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 1985 and has held 17 summits in succession until November 10, 2011. At the beginning of its establishment, the SAARC comprised only seven South Asian member countries, namely, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. So far it has developed into a region comprising eight member countries and nine observers. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has played an important role in South Asia's economic and social development, women's and human rights progress since its founding. SAARC is the crystallization of the determination of the people of South Asia to unite and solve common problems in a spirit of friendship, trust and understanding. It is based on respect, fairness and win-win results. As the largest country in South Asia, India is not only in absolute superiority in size, population, resources, military strength and development level, but also in the center of the whole region, in the south. The dominant position of the ASEAN has played a decisive role in the development and expansion of the SAARC.
Starting with the study of India's dominant position in the South Asian Regional Cooperation Alliance (SARCU), this paper, based on relevant international political theories, employs various research methods such as literature study, historical analysis and case analysis, focuses on the reasons why India plays a leading role in SARCU, and elaborates in detail India's SARCU. The impact of the alliance and the specific measures to deepen the development of SAARC. From the content and structure of the article, this paper includes the following four parts:
In the first part, India's dominant position in SAARC is demonstrated by analyzing India's different attitudes in the three stages during the cold war and the Post-Cold War period and the impact on the development of SAARC. After the US-Soviet hegemony struggle, India's attitude eased and SAARC developed slowly. Until the new period, India showed a positive enthusiasm for SAARC, which directly promoted the rapid development of SAARC.
In the second part, the reason why India plays a leading role in SAARC is that India is the most powerful country in South Asia, which is mainly manifested by its prominent geographic advantages, its central position in South Asia and its absolute superiority in terms of land area, population and resources. The industrialization process and the green revolution began, with a high level of science and technology, a leading position in exports, and a strong economic strength; India's "Grand Confederation of India" concept has made India's diplomacy in South Asia relatively strong; India's military resources are adequate, conventional weapons are complete, and attaches importance to the development of nuclear weapons technology, with a super-strong military prestige. In addition, the distinctive characteristics of India culture and its influence are prominent, forming a "cultural circle of India" in South Asia.
In the third part, India's dual influence in SAARC is discussed, such as promoting the process of regional integration in South Asia, strengthening mutual trust among member countries, effectively avoiding the internationalization of intraregional disputes, and gradually improving the international status of SAARC. The weakness of economic complementarity and the pursuit of hegemonic status in contacts with other countries have also caused negative impacts on the healthy development of SAARC.
The fourth part is the measures to deepen the all-round development of SAARC. In view of the above-mentioned influence, this paper mainly puts forward four countermeasures: continue to promote the process of regional integration in South Asia; completely abandon the concept of dominating South Asia, properly handle relations with South Asian countries; gradually ease the conflict with Pakistan, and solve the India-Pakistan conflict as soon as possible. Contradictions; Strengthen cooperation between SAARC and other countries and international organizations. Actively implementing relevant countermeasures will bring rapid and healthy development to SAARC and make it a regional international organization with more potential.
Generally speaking, through the elaboration and analysis of India's dominant position and influence in SAARC, this paper finds out the main reasons for India's prominent position in SAARC, and puts forward some measures to guide the further development of SAARC for discussion and exchange.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D835.1;F135.1

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