规则制定与联合国维和部队武力使用

发布时间：2018-09-07 15:45

【摘要】：武力使用是联合国维和行动中棘手但却绕不过去的问题。作者试图从规则制定的角度来探讨维和部队使用武力的动力与约束,尤其是解释内战环境中维和部队保护平民的障碍所在。在联合国维和行动的历史上,秘书长曾经单独或与维和部队指挥官共同承担规则制定者的角色。目前,武力使用的规则制定出现了两方面的新发展:一是安理会在规定武力使用的目的与范围上的角色得到加强,二是制定"接战规则"的权力从实地部署的维和部队上移到维和行动部。由于易受其他部门的压力,加之内部的反武文化与虚弱的组织能力,维和行动部在武力使用问题上趋向于约束实地部队的自主性与主动性,与安理会授权的要求往往背道而驰。1999年至2010年联合国刚果民主共和国特派团的维和历史正说明了上述观点。为保护平民而动武,虽然能够在短期内因政治动力与指挥官的个性因素得以实现,却因规则制定权力的转移而无法被维和行动所内化。如果缺乏变革,授权与接战规则之间脱节的问题将阻碍维和行动的合法性。
[Abstract]:The use of force is a thorny but intractable problem in UN peacekeeping operations. The author tries to discuss the motive force and constraint of the use of force in the peacekeeping force from the point of view of rule making, especially to explain the obstacle of protecting civilians in the environment of civil war. In the history of UN peacekeeping operations, the secretary-general has assumed the role of rule-setter, either individually or jointly with peacekeeping force commanders. At present, there are two new developments in the rule-making of the use of force: first, the role of the Security Council in defining the purpose and scope of the use of force has been strengthened. Second, the authority to establish rules of engagement was transferred from peacekeeping forces deployed in the field to the Department of peacekeeping Operations. As a result of its vulnerability to pressure from other departments, coupled with an internal anti-weapons culture and weak organizational capacity, the Department of peacekeeping Operations tends to constrain the autonomy and initiative of field forces in the use of force. The history of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1999 to 2010 illustrates this view. The use of force to protect civilians can be achieved in the short term by political motivation and the personality of commanders, but cannot be internalized by peacekeeping operations because of the transfer of rule-making power. In the absence of change, the disconnect between mandates and rules of engagement would hamper the legitimacy of peacekeeping operations.
【作者单位】：上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院;
【基金】：2013年国家社科基金项目“国际组织行政模式与联合国秘书处的运作研究”(项目号:13CGJ018)的资助
【分类号】：D813.2

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