冷战时期美国反共主义的实践及其根源研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 06:07

【摘要】： 反共主义即以反对共产主义为宗旨的主义,它是一种政治意识形态,其特征是在理论上或在实践上反对共产主义意识形态、组织或政府。反共主义在美国有一个漫长的历史演变过程。早在19世纪70年代,美国就出现了反共主义的萌芽。自此以后,反共主义在美国一直存在,尤其是在有了苏联这一现实的社会主义政权之后,美国的反共主义更加严重,冷战期间尤甚。论文研究的主题即是冷战期间美国反共主义的实践及其根源,试图通过研究揭示冷战期间两种制度对立的根源。论文的主要内容如下。第一章从历史的角度叙述了反共主义在美国的产生与发展。19世纪70年代,反共主义在美国出现萌芽,当时主要是以反对美国所认为的包括共产主义在内的激进主义为主；巴黎公社革命后,美国出现了第一次反共主义的实践；十月革命后,美国出现了第二次反共主义的实践；而到了冷战期间,美国反共主义的实践则渗透到了政治、经济、文化等领域,呈现出全方位的反共主义的特点。二战结束后,随着东欧、亚洲等一批社会主义国家的出现,美国的反共主义不仅表现在其国内出现反共、反民主现象,而且突出表现在美国对社会主义国家的外交政策之上。第二章着重论述了冷战期间美国在政治、经济和文化领域里的反共主义实践。其中政治领域里的反共主义实践包括外交和内政领域里的反共主义实践；经济领域里的反共主义实践包括经济封锁与贸易禁运、实行制裁与对外援助；文化领域里的反共主义实践包括新闻界、教会和好莱坞的反共宣传。美国反共主义的产生和发展有深刻的根源,第三章即研究了美国反共主义的根源。论文认为,除了社会主义和资本主义这两种社会制度和意识形态的不同以及美国特有的民族文化背景之外,一些反共主义形成与发展的若干促动因素,如社会主义国家的反美宣传及政策失误等一些也为美国反共主义的产生和发展创造了条件。冷战时期美国的反共主义活动给社会主义国家造成了一个恶劣的政治经济及舆论环境,影响着社会主义国家的形象。冷战结束,美国的反共主义并没有消失,而是以其他形式表现出来。正确认识和把握美国的反共主义历史,对于正确认识和把握美国对社会主义国家的政策,对于在全球化的今天,如何处理好全球化条件下社会主义和资本主义国家之间的关系等,有着理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Anti-Communism is a kind of political ideology with the aim of opposing communism. Its characteristic is to oppose communist ideology, organization or government in theory or in practice. Anti-Communism in the United States has a long history of evolution. As early as the 1870s, the United States appeared the germination of anti-Communism. Since then, anti-communism has existed in the United States, especially after the Soviet Union, the reality of the socialist regime, the United States more serious anti-communism, especially during the cold war. The theme of this paper is the practice of American anti-communism during the Cold War and its root causes, and attempts to reveal the root causes of the antagonism between the two systems during the Cold War. The main contents of the paper are as follows. The first chapter describes the emergence and development of anti-Communism in the United States from the historical point of view. In the 1870s, anti-Communism sprout in the United States, at that time it was mainly opposed to the radicalism of the United States, including communism. After the Paris Commune Revolution, the first anti-Communist practice took place in the United States; after the October Revolution, there was a second anti-Communist practice in the United States; and during the Cold War, the anti-Communist practice in the United States permeated politics and economy. Culture and other fields, showing all-around anti-communist characteristics. After World War II, with the emergence of a number of socialist countries such as Eastern Europe and Asia, the anti-communist doctrine of the United States was not only manifested in its domestic anti-Communist and anti-democratic phenomena, but also in the foreign policy of the United States towards the socialist countries. The second chapter focuses on American anti-communist practice in the political, economic and cultural fields during the Cold War. The anti-Communist practice in the political field includes the anti-Communist practice in the field of diplomacy and internal affairs, the anti-Communist practice in the economic field includes the economic blockade and trade embargo, the implementation of sanctions and foreign aid. Anti-communist practices in the cultural field include the press, church and Hollywood anti-communist propaganda. The origin and development of American anti-Communism have deep roots. The third chapter studies the origin of American anti-Communism. In addition to the differences between socialist and capitalist social systems and ideologies, as well as the unique national cultural background of the United States, the paper holds that there are some driving factors for the formation and development of anti-communism. Such as anti-American propaganda and policy mistakes in socialist countries have also created conditions for the emergence and development of anti-communism in the United States. The anti-Communist activities of the United States during the cold war caused a bad political economy and public opinion environment to the socialist countries and affected the image of the socialist countries. At the end of the cold war, American anti-Communism did not disappear, but took other forms. To correctly understand and grasp the history of anti-communism in the United States, to correctly understand and grasp the policy of the United States towards socialist countries, and to the present day of globalization, How to deal with the relationship between socialism and capitalist countries under the condition of globalization has theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.2

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