论《南海各方行为宣言》的进展与困境

发布时间：2018-10-17 15:07

【摘要】： 冷战后中国的国际战略中其中一项重要原则,就是“立足亚太,稳定周边”。2002年中国与东盟签署的《南海各方行为宣言》可以看作是中国在南海政策上的里程碑。在《南海宣言》基础之上,中国和东南亚相关国家进行了涉及政治、安全、经济等方面的多领域协商与合作。作为一种东方式的创举,共同开发被一致认为是既能解决复杂海域争议问题,又能为有关各国带来经济利益的最为现实可行的途径。中、菲双边以及中、越、菲三方签订的共同开发合作协议是“搁置争议,共同开发”方针在解决南海主权和海洋权益争端的有效尝试。但是从近年的情况看,南海海域的共同开发举步维艰,进展缓慢,迄今未真正实现,甚至还出现了反复,某些南海相关国家采取了改变现状的举动。此外,南海问题还关系到美日等大国的能源安全战略甚至国家安全战略,区域外国际因素处于自身的利益考虑对中国进行遏制,对南海相关国家进行支持。国际因素的存在也是《南海各方行为宣言》面临困境的一个重要原因。在此基础上,本文提出《南海各方行为宣言》实际上存在弊大于利的情况,建议应该用一个规定更为明确、法律效力更高的文件加以取代,同时应该明确对单方面举动采取一定的惩罚措施。
[Abstract]:One of the important principles in China's international strategy after the Cold War is "standing in the Asia-Pacific region and stabilizing the periphery." the Declaration on the Conduct of parties in the South China Sea signed by China and ASEAN in 2002 can be regarded as a milestone in China's policy on the South China Sea. On the basis of the South China Sea Declaration, China and Southeast Asian countries have conducted consultations and cooperation in various fields, including politics, security, and economy. As an oriental initiative, joint development is considered to be the most practical and feasible way to solve the complex sea area disputes and bring economic benefits to the countries concerned. The agreement on joint development and cooperation between China and the Philippines, as well as between China and Vietnam, and the Philippines, is an effective attempt to "shelve disputes and jointly develop" in resolving disputes over sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea. However, in recent years, the joint development of the South China Sea has been difficult, slow progress, has not really achieved, or even repeated, some South China Sea related countries have taken measures to change the status quo. In addition, the issue of the South China Sea is also related to the energy security strategy and even the national security strategy of the United States and Japan. The international factors outside the region are in their own interests to contain China and support the relevant countries in the South China Sea. The existence of international factors is also an important reason why the Declaration of the behaviors of parties in the South China Sea is facing difficulties. On this basis, this paper points out that there are in fact more disadvantages than advantages in the Declaration on the Conduct of parties in the South China Sea, and suggests that it should be replaced by a document with clearer provisions and higher legal effect. At the same time, certain punitive measures should be taken against unilateral acts.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D822.3

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