欧加登战争时期非洲之角的联盟转换研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 11:52
【摘要】：非洲之角位于非洲东北角,靠近世界重要石油产区波斯湾,连接印度洋、红海和地中海,具有重要的战略价值,成为冷战时期美苏争夺的重要据点。欧加登地区位于埃塞俄比亚东部与索马里接壤地区,人口主要为索马里人,索马里民主共和国独立后一直致力于将所有索马里居住区联合起来建立统一的索马里国家,因此这就导致埃塞和索马里在欧加登地区展开激烈争夺。1977-1978年欧加登战争对非洲之角的联盟局势产生重要影响。本研究希望依托国内外相关研究文献,特别是沈志华老师主编的《苏联历史档案选编》(第33卷)中有关苏联对埃索冲突进行斡旋的文献资料,对欧加登战争前后非洲之角联盟关系建立与发展、出现危机和转换的历史进行梳理,探究欧加登战争时期非洲之角联盟关系出现彻底转换的原因。全文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成,正文分为四个部分。第一章对欧加登战争进行介绍,从中我们发现联盟关系特别是苏联对盟友的选择对战争进程产生了重要影响,由此引出本研究的重要问题,即在欧加登战争时期,非洲之角的联盟关系产生了怎样的变化,为什么会发生这种变化。接下来三章分别论述美国、苏联、埃塞俄比亚和索马里四个国家在非洲之角地区联盟关系建立、出现危机和转换的历史,并分析联盟局势变化的原因,其中联盟出现危机和转换两个章节为本文的重点所在。通过对非洲之角联盟关系的梳理,我发现联盟出现危机直至转换的过程中,各国面临的外部威胁并没有发生重大变化,而国内政治的变化成为影响联盟转换的重要因素,特别是埃塞俄比亚国内局势的发展。1974年埃塞俄比亚爆发革命,军政府为了与前政府划清界限,在外交政策上改变以往亲西方的态度,转向发展与苏联等社会主义国家的关系,这不仅对埃塞与美国的联盟产生直接影响,也间接影响到苏索联盟盟友之间的信任。1976年底-1977年初,埃塞军政府内部激进派掌权过程中对反对派的血腥镇压成为导致美埃联盟终结的重要因素,但却坚定了苏联政府对门格斯图的信任,加之索马里在欧加登等问题上与苏联的战略分歧,导致战争开始不久苏索联盟的破裂,随后苏联全力支持埃塞俄比亚,并最终赢得战争的胜利。
[Abstract]:Located in the northeast corner of Africa, close to the Persian Gulf, an important oil producing region of the world, the Horn of Africa is connected to the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It has important strategic value and has become an important stronghold for which the United States and the Soviet Union fought during the Cold War. The Ogaden region is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia bordering Somalia, with a predominantly Somali population, and the Democratic Republic of Somalia has been working since its independence to unite all Somali settlements to form a unified Somali State, This led to intense competition between Ethiopia and Somalia in the Ogaden region, where the 1977-1978 Ogaden war had an important impact on the alliance situation in the Horn of Africa. The purpose of this study is to rely on the relevant research literature at home and abroad, especially the literature on the mediation of the Soviet Union on the Essos conflict, edited by Mr. Shen Zhihua in the selected History Archives of the Soviet Union (vol. 33). This paper combs the history of the establishment, development, crisis and transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa before and after the Ogaden War, and probes into the reasons for the complete transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa during the Ogaden War. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, and the text is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the Ogaden War, from which we find that the alliance relationship, especially the Soviet Union's choice of allies, has an important impact on the war process, which leads to the important question of this study, that is, during the Ogaden War. How and why the alliance in the Horn of Africa has changed. The following three chapters respectively discuss the history of the establishment, crisis and transformation of the alliance between the United States, the Soviet Union, Ethiopia and Somalia in the Horn of Africa region, and analyze the reasons for the changes in the Union situation. The crisis of alliance and the transformation of the two chapters are the focus of this paper. By combing the relationship of the Horn of Africa alliance, I find that in the process of alliance crisis and transition, the external threats faced by countries have not changed significantly, and the changes in domestic politics have become an important factor influencing the transition of the alliance. In particular, the development of the domestic situation in Ethiopia. The revolution broke out in Ethiopia in 1974. In order to draw a clear line from the former government, the military junta changed its previous pro-Western attitude in foreign policy and turned to developing relations with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. This has a direct impact not only on Ethiopia's alliance with the United States, but also indirectly on the trust between the allies of the Soso Union. The bloody suppression of the opposition by radical factions in the Ethiopian military junta was an important factor leading to the end of the US-Egypt alliance, but it strengthened the trust of the Soviet government in Mengistu. In addition, the strategic differences between Somalia and the Soviet Union on such issues as Ogaden led to the break-up of the Soso Union shortly after the war began, followed by the Soviet Union's full support for Ethiopia and the eventual victory of the war.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D842
本文编号：2283093
[Abstract]:Located in the northeast corner of Africa, close to the Persian Gulf, an important oil producing region of the world, the Horn of Africa is connected to the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It has important strategic value and has become an important stronghold for which the United States and the Soviet Union fought during the Cold War. The Ogaden region is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia bordering Somalia, with a predominantly Somali population, and the Democratic Republic of Somalia has been working since its independence to unite all Somali settlements to form a unified Somali State, This led to intense competition between Ethiopia and Somalia in the Ogaden region, where the 1977-1978 Ogaden war had an important impact on the alliance situation in the Horn of Africa. The purpose of this study is to rely on the relevant research literature at home and abroad, especially the literature on the mediation of the Soviet Union on the Essos conflict, edited by Mr. Shen Zhihua in the selected History Archives of the Soviet Union (vol. 33). This paper combs the history of the establishment, development, crisis and transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa before and after the Ogaden War, and probes into the reasons for the complete transformation of the relationship between the Horn of Africa during the Ogaden War. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, and the text is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the Ogaden War, from which we find that the alliance relationship, especially the Soviet Union's choice of allies, has an important impact on the war process, which leads to the important question of this study, that is, during the Ogaden War. How and why the alliance in the Horn of Africa has changed. The following three chapters respectively discuss the history of the establishment, crisis and transformation of the alliance between the United States, the Soviet Union, Ethiopia and Somalia in the Horn of Africa region, and analyze the reasons for the changes in the Union situation. The crisis of alliance and the transformation of the two chapters are the focus of this paper. By combing the relationship of the Horn of Africa alliance, I find that in the process of alliance crisis and transition, the external threats faced by countries have not changed significantly, and the changes in domestic politics have become an important factor influencing the transition of the alliance. In particular, the development of the domestic situation in Ethiopia. The revolution broke out in Ethiopia in 1974. In order to draw a clear line from the former government, the military junta changed its previous pro-Western attitude in foreign policy and turned to developing relations with the Soviet Union and other socialist countries. This has a direct impact not only on Ethiopia's alliance with the United States, but also indirectly on the trust between the allies of the Soso Union. The bloody suppression of the opposition by radical factions in the Ethiopian military junta was an important factor leading to the end of the US-Egypt alliance, but it strengthened the trust of the Soviet government in Mengistu. In addition, the strategic differences between Somalia and the Soviet Union on such issues as Ogaden led to the break-up of the Soso Union shortly after the war began, followed by the Soviet Union's full support for Ethiopia and the eventual victory of the war.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D842
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