新世纪以来中国和美国对拉美地区公共外交的比较

发布时间：2018-10-23 06:41

【摘要】：21世纪以来,随着拉美国家在国际上的影响力不断上升,中美两国出于国家利益需要而加强了对拉美国家的公共外交,但中美两国在公共外交目的、资源基础、技术运用、实施机构和城市交往等方面都存在差别。在公共外交目的方面,中国希望借助公共外交来传播中华文化,加强拉美民众对中国真实情况的了解,为中国在拉美地区的发展营造有利环境;美国则是为了传播自己的价值观,遏制该地区恐怖主义的蔓延,加强与拉美的经济合作以巩固和提高美国的国际地位。在公共外交资源方面,中美两国运用的物质性资源大致相问,但由于中美两国文化和国情迥异,美国运用的非物质性资源与中国有所不同。在公共外交技术运用方面,中美两国都注重互联网技术和社交媒体,但美国在技术运用方面明显优于中国。在公共外交实施机构方面,中国主要通过孔子学院和孔子课堂来开展公共外交活动,而美国的公共外交机构类型更丰富、数量较多且功能较为齐全。在城市外交方面,与中国相比,美国与拉美国家缔结友好城市的历史更悠久,覆盖的国家及城市数量远远超过中国,且美拉友好城市之间的活动类型更丰富。本文认为,美国在拉美地区的影响力虽然有所下降,但仍不可小觑;中国在拉美地区的公共外交虽路途艰难,但前景光明。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, with the growing influence of Latin American countries in the international arena, China and the United States have strengthened their public diplomacy to Latin American countries for the sake of their national interests. There are differences in implementing institutions and in urban communication. On the purpose of public diplomacy, China hopes to use public diplomacy to spread Chinese culture, strengthen Latin American people's understanding of the real situation of China, and create a favorable environment for China's development in Latin America. The United States aims to spread its own values, curb the spread of terrorism in the region and strengthen economic cooperation with Latin America in order to consolidate and enhance its international standing. In terms of public diplomatic resources, the material resources used by China and the United States are roughly the same, but the non-material resources used by the United States are different from those of China because of the different cultures and national conditions of China and the United States. In the use of public diplomacy technology, both China and the United States focus on Internet technology and social media, but the United States is significantly better than China in the use of technology. In the aspect of public diplomacy implementing institutions, China mainly carries out public diplomacy activities through Confucius Institute and Confucius classroom, while the United States has more types of public diplomacy institutions, more quantity and more complete functions. In the aspect of city diplomacy, compared with China, the United States has a longer history of making friendly cities with Latin American countries, covers far more countries and cities than China, and has more types of activities between American and Latin American friendly cities. This paper argues that although the U.S. influence in Latin America has declined, it should not be underestimated; China's public diplomacy in Latin America is a difficult road, but the prospects are bright.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学社会历史学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“冷战时期美国政府对拉美的公共外交研究:一种文化的视角”(编号13YJC770021)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D822.3;D871.2;D873

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