美国犹太人对美以外交政策的影响

发布时间：2018-10-26 06:26

【摘要】：自从以色列实现了建国的梦想,美国和以色列就一直保持着紧密而特殊的关系。在长达几十年中,美国无论是从军事上,经济上,还是政治上都给予了以色列大量的援助和支持。美以特殊关系,以及美国对以色列的援助和支持主要是从美国国家利益出发的,然而,美国犹太人这个关键的因素也是不能忽视的。作为美国一个少数族裔群体,美国犹太人是以色列的坚定支持者。他们通过一系列的方式去进行政治参与,例如：支持亲以色列的总统候选人；积极游说国会；组织政治宣传去影响美国的主流媒体和公众评论。正是因为美国犹太人的较高的经济和社会地位,以及政治威望,为他们进行政治参与创造了条件。另外,犹太教和犹太复国主义,也称锡安主义,也是他们在涉及美以外交政策中表现亲以倾向的精神动力和纽带。在美国犹太人的影响下,美国在处理阿以冲突和中东事务时,表现出了明显的偏向以色列。长期以来,美国把以色列视为在中东的战略资产,是他们实施中东计划的一部分。通过运用国际关系中的制衡理论,和威慑理论,我们能够非常清晰地分析出,美国对以色列的外交政策,一部分是出于美国犹太人的影响和游说,另一部分是出于自身的国家利益。就美国犹太人而言,他们把以色列视为唯一的,神圣的犹太国家。根据斯图亚特·霍尔的族裔散居理论,可以分析出美国犹太人作为一个移民到美国的少数族裔群体,经历了双重文化身份的转换。霍尔提出的文化属性的族裔散居理论,为分析美国犹太人坚守着对以色列的精神寄托,在精神上和物质上坚定地支持以色列提供了理论支撑；而另一方面又因为美国文化的同化而效忠美国。虽然美国犹太人对美以外交政策的影响很大,但是也不能片面夸大这方面的影响。他们的影响也是有限的,受主观和客观条件的限制。在美国犹太人参政的过程中也会遇到很多的问题,比如在制定政策时,会与美国的国家利益发生冲突,美国犹太人内部的政治意见的分裂,还有美国国内存在的反犹主义,都会在一定程度上影响美国犹太人的政治发展。全文分为六个章节。第一章,主要介绍美国和以色列的同盟关系,和美国犹太人对以色列的支持,同时介绍研究目的。第二章,文献综述,介绍国内外关于美国犹太人与美国外交关系,和外交政策的著作,并且介绍了支撑论文的理论依据。第三章,分析了美国犹太人对美以外交政策影响的途径和方式,以及支持以色列的原因。第四章是论文的重点,从三个方面分析了美国犹太人对美以外交政策的影响,分别是美国对以色列的援助政策,政治政策,和制裁政策。第五章分析了美国犹太人的影响的制约因素,强调他们的影响也不是无限的,同时指出美国犹太人在参政的过程中出现的问题。第六章是全文的结论。
[Abstract]:Ever since Israel realized its dream of statehood, the United States and Israel have maintained a close and special relationship. For decades, the United States has given Israel substantial aid and support, both militarily, economically and politically. The special relationship between the United States and Israel and the aid and support of the United States to Israel are mainly based on the national interests of the United States. However, the key factor of American Jews cannot be ignored. As a minority group in the United States, American Jews are strong supporters of Israel. They engage in political engagement in a number of ways, such as supporting pro-Israeli presidential candidates; actively lobbying Congress; and organising political propaganda to influence mainstream media and public comment in the United States. It was the high economic and social status and political prestige of American Jews that created the conditions for their political participation. In addition, Judaism and Zionism, also known as Zionism, are also the spiritual driving force and bond for them to express pro-Israel tendency in their foreign policy with the United States and Israel. Under the influence of American Jews, the United States showed a clear bias towards Israel in dealing with the Arab-Israeli conflict and Middle East affairs. The United States has long viewed Israel as a strategic asset in the Middle East as part of its Middle East plan. By using the theory of checks and balances in international relations, and the theory of deterrence, we can very clearly analyze that US foreign policy towards Israel is partly due to the influence and lobbying of American Jews. The other part is in the national interest. As far as American Jews are concerned, they regard Israel as the only, sacred Jewish state. According to Stuart Hall's theory of ethnic diaspora, it can be analyzed that American Jews, as a minority group immigrating to the United States, have undergone a double cultural transformation. Hall's theory of ethnic diaspora of cultural attributes provides theoretical support for the analysis of American Jews who adhere to the spiritual sustenance of Israel and support Israel spiritually and materially. On the other hand, because of the assimilation of American culture and allegiance to the United States. Although American Jews have a great influence on American and Israeli foreign policy, they should not exaggerate the influence. Their influence is also limited, subject to subjective and objective conditions. In the process of American Jews' participation in politics, they will also encounter many problems, such as conflicts with the national interests of the United States when formulating policies, the division of political opinions among American Jews, and the existence of anti-Semitism in the United States. It will influence the political development of American Jews to some extent. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the alliance between the United States and Israel, and the support of American Jews to Israel, as well as the purpose of the study. The second chapter, literature review, introduces the domestic and foreign works on American Jewish and American diplomatic relations and foreign policy, and introduces the theoretical basis of supporting the thesis. Chapter three analyzes the ways and means of American Jews' influence on American and Israeli foreign policy, and the reasons of supporting Israel. The fourth chapter is the focus of the paper, from three aspects of the analysis of American Jewish foreign policy to the United States and Israel, respectively, the United States aid policy to Israel, political policy, and sanctions policy. Chapter five analyzes the restrictive factors of American Jews' influence, emphasizes that their influence is not unlimited, and points out the problems that appear in the process of American Jews' participation in politics. Chapter six is the conclusion of the paper.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D815

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