第二次世界大战时期的中英关系
发布时间：2018-11-05 12:21
【摘要】：第二次世界大战时期的中英关系史是英国近现代史的重要组成部分，也是中国近现代史的重要组成部分。但由于种种原因，学术界对此方面的研究尚不够完整深入。本文将着重以这个时期中英两国的官方关系为主进行研究和论述，主要涉及政治关系和一些经济合作及军事合作的内容，以求在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，努力创新，，以新的思路和观点来解释这个时期的中英关系中的问题。 英国在经历了18世纪末期失败的和平对华外交后，用武力强加给中国屈辱的近代外交。但是，第一次世界大战的使英国开始衰落的趋势愈加明显。由于英国依然在华有包括投资和租界在内的巨大利益，为了避免这些利益受到战争的损害，英国面对日本在亚洲的扩张，开始奉行绥靖主义政策。二十世纪三十年代初期的远东危机时期，英国利用其控制的国际联盟，以牺牲正义换取暂时的表面和平，无视中国的正义诉求。英国的做法不得不引起中国从政府到民间的警惕。与此同时，从一战后开始奉行“孤立主义”的美国对中日两国的照会，即“不承认主义”，使得中国政府和民众增加了对美国的好感。 在中日全面开战后，英国仍然不能对中国给予有效援助。面对中国的求援，英国采取了直接拒绝或无限期拖延答复的措施，甚至一度迫于日本压力，制造了一些破坏中国作战的事件。直到欧战爆发前后，随着国际局势的紧张加剧，始终面对两线作战的危险，英国政府逐渐开始给予中国一些援助。但是比起美国同时期的援华行动，英国在维护列强在华主导权这方面已经处于下风。而且滇缅公路危机使得英国援华的进步意义也大打折扣。 太平洋战争的爆发使得英帝国在远东也受到日本的侵略，共同的敌人使得中英这两个传统的有地区影响力和世界影响力的大国，最终结成盟友。由于国家利益上的根本冲突，更多的在于英国单方面地为了追求其国家利益而损害中国的国家利益，使得中英的同盟关系是二战各种关系当中较为特殊的一条。双方虽有合作，但是始终贯穿大量矛盾和冲突。因此，英国最终彻底把列强在华的主导权和话语权拱手让给了美国。
[Abstract]:The history of Sino-British relations during the second World War is an important part of the modern history of Britain as well as the modern history of China. However, due to various reasons, the academic research on this area is not complete and thorough. This paper will focus on the official relations between China and the United Kingdom in this period, mainly involving political relations and some economic and military cooperation, in order to learn from previous research results, and strive to innovate. New ideas and viewpoints are used to explain the problems in Sino-British relations in this period. After the failure of its peaceful diplomacy to China in the late 18 th century, Britain imposed humiliating modern diplomacy on China by force. However, the first World War began to decline the British trend is increasingly obvious. As Britain still has huge interests in China, including investment and concessions, in order to avoid these interests being damaged by the war, Britain began to pursue a appeasement policy in the face of Japan's expansion in Asia. During the crisis in the far East in the early 1930s, Britain used its controlled League of Nations to sacrifice justice for temporary peace and ignore China's demand for justice. Britain's approach has to arouse vigilance in China, from the government to the private sector. At the same time, the American "isolationist" note to China and Japan since World War I, that is, "non-recognition doctrine," has made the Chinese government and people more favorable to the United States. After the full-scale war between China and Japan, Britain is still unable to give effective aid to China. In the face of China's request for help, Britain has taken measures to directly refuse or indefinitely delay its response, even under pressure from Japan, creating incidents that undermine China's war. Until before and after the outbreak of the European War, as international tensions increased and the danger of fighting on both fronts remained, the British government gradually began to give some aid to China. But compared with the American aid to China during the same period, Britain has been in a weak position to maintain the leading power of the foreign powers in China. Moreover, the Yunnan-Burma Highway crisis has greatly reduced the progressive significance of British aid to China. The outbreak of the Pacific War caused the British Empire to be invaded by Japan in the far East, and the common enemy made China and Britain, two traditional powers with regional influence and world influence, become allies. Because of the fundamental conflict of national interests, the United Kingdom unilaterally damages China's national interests in pursuit of its national interests, which makes the Sino-British alliance one of the special relations in World War II. Although the two sides have cooperation, but throughout a large number of contradictions and conflicts. As a result, Britain finally ceded its dominance and voice to the United States.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D822.3;D856.1;K152
本文编号：2312065
[Abstract]:The history of Sino-British relations during the second World War is an important part of the modern history of Britain as well as the modern history of China. However, due to various reasons, the academic research on this area is not complete and thorough. This paper will focus on the official relations between China and the United Kingdom in this period, mainly involving political relations and some economic and military cooperation, in order to learn from previous research results, and strive to innovate. New ideas and viewpoints are used to explain the problems in Sino-British relations in this period. After the failure of its peaceful diplomacy to China in the late 18 th century, Britain imposed humiliating modern diplomacy on China by force. However, the first World War began to decline the British trend is increasingly obvious. As Britain still has huge interests in China, including investment and concessions, in order to avoid these interests being damaged by the war, Britain began to pursue a appeasement policy in the face of Japan's expansion in Asia. During the crisis in the far East in the early 1930s, Britain used its controlled League of Nations to sacrifice justice for temporary peace and ignore China's demand for justice. Britain's approach has to arouse vigilance in China, from the government to the private sector. At the same time, the American "isolationist" note to China and Japan since World War I, that is, "non-recognition doctrine," has made the Chinese government and people more favorable to the United States. After the full-scale war between China and Japan, Britain is still unable to give effective aid to China. In the face of China's request for help, Britain has taken measures to directly refuse or indefinitely delay its response, even under pressure from Japan, creating incidents that undermine China's war. Until before and after the outbreak of the European War, as international tensions increased and the danger of fighting on both fronts remained, the British government gradually began to give some aid to China. But compared with the American aid to China during the same period, Britain has been in a weak position to maintain the leading power of the foreign powers in China. Moreover, the Yunnan-Burma Highway crisis has greatly reduced the progressive significance of British aid to China. The outbreak of the Pacific War caused the British Empire to be invaded by Japan in the far East, and the common enemy made China and Britain, two traditional powers with regional influence and world influence, become allies. Because of the fundamental conflict of national interests, the United Kingdom unilaterally damages China's national interests in pursuit of its national interests, which makes the Sino-British alliance one of the special relations in World War II. Although the two sides have cooperation, but throughout a large number of contradictions and conflicts. As a result, Britain finally ceded its dominance and voice to the United States.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D822.3;D856.1;K152
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