小布什政府对华外交中的宗教因素研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 18:42
【摘要】：从《1998年国际宗教自由法》在美国通过,1999年公布第一个《年度宗教自由报告》以来,美国已经发布了12个《年度宗教自由报告》,其中有8个报告是在小布什执政时期。这8个《年度宗教自由报告》都把中国列为“需要特别关注国家”,并对中国的宗教人口数量、宗教自由状况、宗教信仰状况、宗教活动状况、宗教政策以及中国政府的行为无端指责。甚至,美国在报告中还指出:“美国官员定期向中国政府官员提出宗教自由问题”,“美国国务院、美国驻北京大使馆以及美国驻成都、广州、上海、沈阳和武汉的领事馆定期敦促中国政府在国内扩大宗教自由”,除此之外“根据《国际宗教自由法》对中国采取的限行经济措施包括限制向中国出口犯罪控制和侦查的仪器和设备”。可见,美国政府对中国的外交中,极为关注中国的“宗教”状况,并以此为契机扩大美国的控制力、提升美国的国际形象,宗教成为其又一有力的外交工具。因此我们有必要对美国对华外交中的宗教因素进行研究,在理解美国宗教外交实质的基础上,对美国予以回击。 文章主体共分为五个部分 第一部分是文章的理论基础,指出了美国宗教与外交的关系。一个国家在长期历史上塑造的文化传统、道德观念、宗教信仰和意识形态都会潜移默化地影响这个国家的人民。宗教在美国生活和政治中具有不可小视的地位和作用。 第二部分分析了小布什政府外交中浓重的宗教色彩。小布什的宗教信仰极为虔诚,他自称是一个重生的基督徒。小布什的言语措辞和外交政策中都有许多宗教印记。在其执政时期,基督教新右翼的兴起,“新天定命运”的发展都推动了布什主义产生,导致了新保守主义的重新崛起。 第三部分,在列举美国对华外交的基础上,用事实说明了宗教因素对小布什政府对华外交的影响。重视宗教自由的人权外交、对中国大加关注的《年度宗教自由报告》、加进宗教渗透等等都成为小布什政府对华外交的突出特点。 第四部分是美国对华外交中突出宗教因素的原因分析,基于前面对小布什政府对华外交的宗教因素的研究,我们很容易看到中美之间的宗教分歧的实质。外交使内政的延续。做“世界超级大国”的的梦想,对国家利益的永恒追求,是美国从事一切活动的动力,突出宗教因素的外交也只是其外交手段之一而已。 第五部分是对策分析。在熟悉美国对华突出宗教因素的实际,了解其外交实质和中美宗教差异的基础上,提出中国应对美国外交的合理措施。
[Abstract]:Since the International religious Freedom Act of 1998 was passed in the United States and the first Annual report on religious Freedom was published in 1999, the United States has issued 12 Annual religious Freedom reports, 8 of which were in the Bush administration. The eight annual religious Freedom reports all listed China as "in need of special attention to the state", and gave an account of China's religious population, status of religious freedom, status of religious belief, and status of religious activities. Religious policies and unwarranted accusations of Chinese government action. Even in the report, the United States pointed out: "American officials regularly raise the issue of religious freedom with Chinese government officials." the United States Department of State, the United States Embassy in Beijing, and the United States in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Consulates in Shenyang and Wuhan regularly urged the Chinese government to expand religious freedom in the country. " In addition, "restrictive economic measures against China under the International Law on religious Freedom include restrictions on the export of instruments and equipment for crime control and investigation to China". It can be seen that the US government pays great attention to China's "religion" in its diplomacy with China, and takes this opportunity to expand American control and enhance the international image of the United States. Religion has become another powerful diplomatic tool. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the religious factors in American diplomacy with China and strike back at the United States on the basis of understanding the essence of American religious diplomacy. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is the theoretical basis of the article, pointing out the relationship between American religion and diplomacy. The cultural traditions, moral values, religious beliefs and ideologies that a country has shaped over a long period of time have a subtle influence on its people. Religion plays an important role in American life and politics. The second part analyzes the strong religious color in Bush administration diplomacy. Bush Jr. was so religious that he described himself as a reborn Christian. Bush's language and foreign policy have many religious marks. During his reign, the rise of the Christian New right and the development of New Destiny promoted the emergence of Bushism and led to the re-emergence of neoconservatism. The third part, on the basis of enumerating American diplomacy with China, explains the influence of religious factors on Bush administration's diplomacy to China with facts. The human rights diplomacy which attaches great importance to religious freedom, the Annual report on religious Freedom, which pays great attention to China, and the introduction of religious infiltration have all become the prominent characteristics of Bush administration's diplomacy towards China. The fourth part is the analysis of the causes of the prominent religious factors in American diplomacy to China. Based on the previous research on the religious factors of Bush Administration's diplomacy to China, we can easily see the essence of the religious differences between China and the United States. Diplomacy perpetuates internal affairs. The dream of being a "world superpower" and the eternal pursuit of national interests are the driving force for the United States to engage in all its activities, and diplomacy, which emphasizes religious factors, is only one of its diplomatic means. The fifth part is the countermeasure analysis. On the basis of being familiar with the facts of the prominent religious factors of the United States towards China and understanding the essence of its diplomacy and the religious differences between China and the United States, this paper puts forward reasonable measures for China to deal with American diplomacy.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
本文编号：2313017
[Abstract]:Since the International religious Freedom Act of 1998 was passed in the United States and the first Annual report on religious Freedom was published in 1999, the United States has issued 12 Annual religious Freedom reports, 8 of which were in the Bush administration. The eight annual religious Freedom reports all listed China as "in need of special attention to the state", and gave an account of China's religious population, status of religious freedom, status of religious belief, and status of religious activities. Religious policies and unwarranted accusations of Chinese government action. Even in the report, the United States pointed out: "American officials regularly raise the issue of religious freedom with Chinese government officials." the United States Department of State, the United States Embassy in Beijing, and the United States in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Consulates in Shenyang and Wuhan regularly urged the Chinese government to expand religious freedom in the country. " In addition, "restrictive economic measures against China under the International Law on religious Freedom include restrictions on the export of instruments and equipment for crime control and investigation to China". It can be seen that the US government pays great attention to China's "religion" in its diplomacy with China, and takes this opportunity to expand American control and enhance the international image of the United States. Religion has become another powerful diplomatic tool. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the religious factors in American diplomacy with China and strike back at the United States on the basis of understanding the essence of American religious diplomacy. The article is divided into five parts. The first part is the theoretical basis of the article, pointing out the relationship between American religion and diplomacy. The cultural traditions, moral values, religious beliefs and ideologies that a country has shaped over a long period of time have a subtle influence on its people. Religion plays an important role in American life and politics. The second part analyzes the strong religious color in Bush administration diplomacy. Bush Jr. was so religious that he described himself as a reborn Christian. Bush's language and foreign policy have many religious marks. During his reign, the rise of the Christian New right and the development of New Destiny promoted the emergence of Bushism and led to the re-emergence of neoconservatism. The third part, on the basis of enumerating American diplomacy with China, explains the influence of religious factors on Bush administration's diplomacy to China with facts. The human rights diplomacy which attaches great importance to religious freedom, the Annual report on religious Freedom, which pays great attention to China, and the introduction of religious infiltration have all become the prominent characteristics of Bush administration's diplomacy towards China. The fourth part is the analysis of the causes of the prominent religious factors in American diplomacy to China. Based on the previous research on the religious factors of Bush Administration's diplomacy to China, we can easily see the essence of the religious differences between China and the United States. Diplomacy perpetuates internal affairs. The dream of being a "world superpower" and the eternal pursuit of national interests are the driving force for the United States to engage in all its activities, and diplomacy, which emphasizes religious factors, is only one of its diplomatic means. The fifth part is the countermeasure analysis. On the basis of being familiar with the facts of the prominent religious factors of the United States towards China and understanding the essence of its diplomacy and the religious differences between China and the United States, this paper puts forward reasonable measures for China to deal with American diplomacy.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D871.2
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