冷战后美国的拉美一体化战略——霸权利益的视角

发布时间：2018-11-18 15:00

【摘要】：冷战后的拉美地区一体化进程包括占主流地位、中间立场的南方共同市场、南美洲国家联盟、拉美及加勒比国家共同体,开放程度较高、立场偏右的太平洋联盟以及反美色彩浓厚的美洲玻利瓦尔联盟。从维护霸权利益的目的出发,冷战后美国除了直接参与跨地区的一体化进程外,对不同的拉美本地区一体化进程采取了不同的态度。美国力图建设美洲自由贸易区,将其作为美国霸权制度地位的基础之一,但是没有能够成功。美国还通过建设跨太平洋伙伴关系、签订双边贸易协定、利用拉美国家内部矛盾等手段,力图削弱拉美国家旨在联合独立的地区和次地区一体化进程。北美自由贸易区、双边自由贸易协定和跨太平洋伙伴关系的推动,都属于美国的跨地区一体化战略,削弱和分裂了拉美国家,加强了美国主导的地区制度体系以及全球制度体系,也有利于增强美国的实力地位;而美国对拉美本地区三种一体化进程分而治之的战略,打压了挑战美国霸权利益的力量,削弱了长期来看不利于美国霸权利益的进程,加强了有利于美国霸权利益的进程。
[Abstract]:The process of regional integration in Latin America after the cold war included the dominant, centrist Mercosur, the Union of South American Nations and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, with a high degree of openness. The right-leaning Pacific Alliance and the anti-American Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas. For the purpose of safeguarding hegemonic interests, the United States took different attitudes towards different Latin American integration processes in addition to participating directly in the process of trans-regional integration after the Cold War. The United States tried to build the Free Trade area of the Americas as one of the bases of its hegemonic position, but failed. The United States also seeks to weaken the process of regional and sub-regional integration of Latin American countries, which aims at joint independence through the establishment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the signing of bilateral trade agreements and the use of internal contradictions among Latin American countries. The promotion of the North American Free Trade area, the bilateral Free Trade Agreement and the Trans-Pacific Partnership all belong to the United States' trans-regional integration strategy, which has weakened and divided Latin American countries. Strengthening the regional institutional system and the global institutional system, which is dominated by the United States, is also conducive to strengthening the strength of the United States. The strategy of dividing and dominating the three integration processes in Latin America suppresses the power to challenge the hegemonic interests of the United States, weakens the process that is not conducive to the interests of the hegemony in the long run, and strengthens the process in favor of the interests of the hegemony of the United States.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国际关系学院;
【分类号】：D871.2

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