公共外交与中国国家形象构建研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 17:22

【摘要】：国家形象是一个国家综合实力和国际地位的反映,是国家软实力的重要组成部分和直观体现,是国家及其重要的无形资产。国家形象作为一种主观印象,是人们对于一个国家及其民众的心理预设。负面的国家形象,会使人排斥这个国家的相关信息；正面的国家形象能使人愿意用更亲和的方式接纳该国及其民众的精神信息和物质产品。公共外交的主要任务是运用各种现代传播工具,向世界介绍本国国情、解释本国政府的政策与观点,消除他国公众可能存在的误解。通过展示本国文化和价值观,积极影响他国公众对本国的认知,提升国家的形象和国际影响力,以维护本国的根本利益。公共外交是塑造国家形象的一个重要途径,同时塑造良好的国际形象又是公共外交的重要目的之一,二者相辅相成,相互作用。过去三十年里,中国的国家地位和国际影响力随着经济的飞速发展而发生了翻天覆地的变化,然而中国的国家形象却没有得到应有的提升。由于中国的中国特色社会主义道路不同于欧美的资本主义道路,也不同于苏联的社会主义道路,世界对中国的理解仍然不足,意识形态的隔阂和东西方文化的差距影响西方政治力量和媒体对中国的正确认识,以至于中国在国际上的国家形象与中国实际不相符。很多国家的民众对中国和中国人的看法还停留在二十年前,充满着偏见和误解,又或者忌惮中国快速发展的经济和迅速上升的国际地位而宣扬“中国威胁论”。如何在信息大爆炸的今天,向世界说明一个真实的中国,让世界更好的了解和认识中国成为一个关系中国现代化进程的重大课题。本文从公共外交的视角出发研究中国国家形象构建过程中取得成就和存在的问题,探寻如何通过完善公共外交来塑造和提升中国国家形象,其结构如下：第一部分先分别分析了公共外交与国家形象的基本概念,包括公共外交的起源与发展、组成部分、特点和作用,国家形象的含义、构成要素、特点和作用等基本概念。然后分析出二者相辅相成、相互作用的关系。第二部分先探讨了近代以来中国公共外交发展历程和阶段特点,中国国家公共外交体系的建立和完善的过程,然后分析了中国国家形象自十三世纪以来的七次演变,再以美国皮尤咨询中心于2011年6月23日公布的一份的调查报告为主要依据,分析中国国家形象的现状和最近两三年里的变化,分析中国国家形象中存在的问题,根据这些存在的问题探讨中国国际形象的塑造的目标和科学定位。第三部分从三个角度出发,以事实为例,探讨中国公共外交在构建国家形象过程中的各种尝试,逐个分析取得的成就和存在的问题,然后针对这些存在的问题提出几点加强公共外交塑造国家新形象的意见和建议。
[Abstract]:National image is a reflection of a country's comprehensive strength and international status, an important component and visual embodiment of national soft power, and a country and its important intangible assets. National image, as a subjective impression, is the psychological presupposition of a country and its people. A negative national image would exclude the country's relevant information; a positive national image would enable people to accept the spiritual information and material products of the country and its people in a more approachable manner. The main task of public diplomacy is to use various modern communication tools to introduce the national conditions to the world, to explain the policies and views of the government, and to eliminate the misunderstanding that may exist in the public of other countries. Through the display of national culture and values, the public's cognition of other countries is positively influenced, and the image and international influence of the country are promoted, so as to safeguard the fundamental interests of the country. Public diplomacy is an important way to shape the national image, and at the same time, to create a good international image is one of the important purposes of public diplomacy. They complement each other and interact with each other. In the past three decades, China's national status and international influence have changed dramatically with the rapid development of economy, but China's national image has not been promoted as it should. Since China's socialist road with Chinese characteristics is different from the capitalist road of Europe and the United States and the socialist road of the Soviet Union, the world still does not have enough understanding of China. The ideological estrangement and the cultural gap between the East and the West affect the correct understanding of China by the western political forces and the media, so that China's national image in the international arena is not in line with China's actual situation. People in many countries still hold their views on China and the Chinese 20 years ago, full of prejudices and misunderstandings, or preaching the "China threat" because of the fear of China's rapidly developing economy and rapidly rising international status. How to explain a real China to the world in today's information explosion, so that the world can better understand and understand China has become a major issue related to the process of China's modernization. From the perspective of public diplomacy, this paper studies the achievements and problems in the process of constructing China's national image, and explores how to mold and promote China's national image by perfecting public diplomacy. The structure is as follows: the first part analyzes the basic concepts of public diplomacy and national image, including the origin and development of public diplomacy, its components, characteristics and functions, the meaning of national image, and its constituent elements. Basic concepts such as characteristics and functions. Then the relationship between the two is analyzed. The second part first discusses the history and stage characteristics of China's public diplomacy since modern times, the process of the establishment and perfection of China's national public diplomacy system, and then analyzes the seven changes of China's national image since the thirteenth century. On the basis of a survey report published by the Pew Consulting Center on June 23, 2011, this paper analyzes the current situation of China's national image and changes in the past two to three years, and analyzes the problems existing in China's national image. According to these existing problems, this paper probes into the goal and scientific orientation of the shaping of China's international image. The third part from three angles, taking the fact as an example, discusses the various attempts in the process of constructing the national image of China's public diplomacy, and analyzes the achievements and existing problems one by one. Then it puts forward some suggestions and suggestions on how to strengthen public diplomacy to build a new image of the country.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D820

【参考文献】