欧盟对中亚地区推行民主化战略探析
发布时间：2018-11-21 10:19
【摘要】：欧盟委员会在一次关于“欧盟在第三世界促进人权和民主化的角色”的交流中,宣称自己打算根据其在该领域的外交政策表现由人们作出判断。本文旨在通过以中亚五个共和国为例对欧盟的民主化政策作出一个精确判断:尽管嗓门很高但是执行起来却很弱。欧盟对中亚的的民主化支持相对于其他新独立国家的力度是较低的。强有力的工具(如制裁等)很少使用。尽管在欧盟与中亚国家签订的所有战略文件和协议中相应的政治附加条件都被制订出来,但这些原则缺少监督,使得欧盟民主化政策给人以温驯和对中亚执政的精英们施加较少压力的印象。欧盟在促进规范化议程方面缺少毅力的是令人吃惊的。考虑到中亚国家对自由原则令人不安的蔑视,任何人都期盼欧盟出台一个更坚决或刚毅的的手段,但结果令人失望。在大多数国家里,总统已经获得了广泛权力实施统治。议会和法院是脆弱的并被惯常性地轻视。反对派被局限在固定的范围内活动、指定和被压制。几乎所有的选举的合法性都令人质疑,此外大众舆论常受到压制。简言之,真正的民主不是不存在就是失败了。该地区可划分成为半威权的东北方层次和一个威权或一个甚至独裁的的西南层次;前者由哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦三国组成,后者由乌兹别克斯坦和土库曼斯坦组成。土库曼斯坦给世界提供了一个非常深刻的关于中亚在后共产主义转型期间失败的案例。它已经成为一个悲剧的然而却是超过斯大林式的警察国家。 为了分析欧盟的雄辩言辞与现实的鸿沟存在的原因。除了前言和结语外,本论文分为三个大部分。第一部分从国家、地区和全球层面三个角度阐述欧盟对中亚地区推行民主化的政策的动因。第二部分探究了欧盟对该地区民主化的主要措施。第三部分则对民主援助的效果进行评析并探究欧盟如此高调的雄辩言辞的形象在执行层面却表现得如此软弱的原因。总体结论是:欧盟对中亚的兴趣主要集中在欧盟自身感知迫切的议题而非政治变化,导致了欧盟在中亚促进民主化政策方面表现不佳。换言之,欧盟更多地受自身的利益驱动而不是为了在该地区推动民主治理的形式和诸多原则。
[Abstract]:In an exchange on "the role of the European Union in promoting human rights and democratization in the third world", the European Commission declared its intention to be judged on the basis of its foreign policy performance in the field. This paper aims to make a precise judgment on the EU's democratization policy by taking the five republics of Central Asia as an example: the voice is high but the execution is weak. The EU's support for democratization in Central Asia is less strong than that of other newly independent states. Powerful tools (such as sanctions) are rarely used. Although the corresponding political conditionalities have been developed in all strategic documents and agreements between the EU and the Central Asian countries, these principles lack oversight. The EU's democratization policy gives the impression of tame and less pressure on the ruling elite in Central Asia. It is surprising that the EU lacks perseverance in advancing the normative agenda. Given the disturbing defiance of the principles of freedom in Central Asia, anyone expects a more determined or resolute approach from the EU, but the results are disappointing. In most countries, the president has gained broad powers to rule. Parliament and courts are fragile and routinely belittled. The opposition is confined to a fixed range of activities, designated and suppressed. The legitimacy of almost all elections is questionable, and public opinion is often suppressed. In short, real democracy either does not exist or fails. The area can be divided into a semi-authoritarian northeast level and an authoritarian or even a dictatorship of the southwest level; The former consists of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, while the latter consists of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan provides the world with a very profound case of the failure of Central Asia during the post-communist transition. It has become a tragic but more than Stalinist police state. In order to analyze the EU's eloquence and the reality of the gap exists. Besides preface and conclusion, this thesis is divided into three parts. The first part expounds the motivation of EU's policy of democratization in Central Asia from three aspects: national, regional and global. The second part explores the main measures of EU democratization in the region. The third part analyzes the effect of democratic aid and explores why the image of the EU's eloquent rhetoric is so weak at the executive level. The general conclusion is that the EU's interest in Central Asia is mainly focused on the EU's own perception of pressing issues rather than on political changes, resulting in the EU's poor performance in promoting democratization policies in Central Asia. In other words, the EU is driven more by its own interests than by promoting the forms and principles of democratic governance in the region.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D85
本文编号：2346688
[Abstract]:In an exchange on "the role of the European Union in promoting human rights and democratization in the third world", the European Commission declared its intention to be judged on the basis of its foreign policy performance in the field. This paper aims to make a precise judgment on the EU's democratization policy by taking the five republics of Central Asia as an example: the voice is high but the execution is weak. The EU's support for democratization in Central Asia is less strong than that of other newly independent states. Powerful tools (such as sanctions) are rarely used. Although the corresponding political conditionalities have been developed in all strategic documents and agreements between the EU and the Central Asian countries, these principles lack oversight. The EU's democratization policy gives the impression of tame and less pressure on the ruling elite in Central Asia. It is surprising that the EU lacks perseverance in advancing the normative agenda. Given the disturbing defiance of the principles of freedom in Central Asia, anyone expects a more determined or resolute approach from the EU, but the results are disappointing. In most countries, the president has gained broad powers to rule. Parliament and courts are fragile and routinely belittled. The opposition is confined to a fixed range of activities, designated and suppressed. The legitimacy of almost all elections is questionable, and public opinion is often suppressed. In short, real democracy either does not exist or fails. The area can be divided into a semi-authoritarian northeast level and an authoritarian or even a dictatorship of the southwest level; The former consists of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, while the latter consists of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan provides the world with a very profound case of the failure of Central Asia during the post-communist transition. It has become a tragic but more than Stalinist police state. In order to analyze the EU's eloquence and the reality of the gap exists. Besides preface and conclusion, this thesis is divided into three parts. The first part expounds the motivation of EU's policy of democratization in Central Asia from three aspects: national, regional and global. The second part explores the main measures of EU democratization in the region. The third part analyzes the effect of democratic aid and explores why the image of the EU's eloquent rhetoric is so weak at the executive level. The general conclusion is that the EU's interest in Central Asia is mainly focused on the EU's own perception of pressing issues rather than on political changes, resulting in the EU's poor performance in promoting democratization policies in Central Asia. In other words, the EU is driven more by its own interests than by promoting the forms and principles of democratic governance in the region.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D85
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