改革开放后中国对非洲援助外交面临的挑战与调整

发布时间：2018-12-23 13:12

【摘要】： 中国对非援助在中非交往的历史上起到了重要的桥梁与纽带作用。改革开放后中国对非援助外交受到新时期战略决策的影响,逐步完成了意识形态从强调到弱化、交流领域从单一到多元及合作性质从注重经济援助到强调互利双赢的三重转变。这一转变推动了中非关系完成了从援助——被援助关系到合作伙伴关系的转型。在这一背景下,本文通过分阶段观察对非援助外交与相应时期对非外交整体目标实现情况的关联度,发现对非外交的状态与对非援助存在密切关系。然而对非援助政策在改革开放后的延续与变化造成的客观局面,却对对非援助外交的理念和实践形成了不同程度的挑战。表现在人权与民主的非议、互利援助下的贸易问题、援助主体多元化后的企业社会责任缺失、援助重经济目标轻多层互动导致的中非民间关系问题等方面,因此,在对非援助力度不断加大的今天,顺应改革开放尤其是21世纪以来的新形势,调整对非援助外交的理念与实践就成了一种必须。如适度调整“不干涉”的绝对状态,有原则有条件地介入非洲事态；贸易上自我限制,并加强对非洲国家的能力援助；通过企业自律和政府规范,加强在非中资企业社会责任；理解非洲政治环境的复杂性,关注多轨道外交的补充作用,重视文化援助与文化沟通,开展全方位外交；最后,考虑到利益上的攸关性,注意与西方其他援助主体的合作,保证对非援助外交的顺利进行。今后,鉴于中非关系的转型和援助的时效性,中国对非援助外交在继续坚持对非援助的核心理念,为非洲提供力所能及的援助之时,需要尽早谋划长远的全方位的对非外交战略,主动适应全球化背景下的中非关系的新变化。
[Abstract]:China's aid to Africa has played an important role as a bridge and link in the history of China-Africa exchanges. After the reform and opening up, China's aid diplomacy to Africa was influenced by the strategic decision in the new period, which gradually completed the triple transformation of ideology from emphasis to weakening, communication field from single to pluralistic and cooperative nature from emphasizing economic aid to emphasizing mutual benefit and win-win situation. This shift has led to the transformation of China-Africa relations from aid-recipient to partnership. Under this background, by observing the correlation degree between non-aid diplomacy and the whole goal of non-diplomacy in the corresponding period, it is found that the state of non-diplomacy is closely related to non-aid. However, the objective situation caused by the continuation and change of the policy of aid to Africa after the reform and opening up has challenged the concept and practice of aid diplomacy to different degrees. This is manifested in the criticism of human rights and democracy, the trade problems under mutually beneficial assistance, the lack of corporate social responsibility after the diversification of aid subjects, and the problems of Sino-African civil relations resulting from the emphasis on economic objectives over the multi-level interaction. With the increasing strength of aid to Africa, it is necessary to adjust the concept and practice of aid diplomacy to Africa in accordance with the new situation of reform and opening up, especially since the 21st century. Such as adjusting the absolute state of "non-interference" appropriately, intervening in African affairs in principle and condition; restricting oneself in trade and strengthening capacity assistance to African countries; strengthening the social responsibility of non-Chinese enterprises through enterprise self-discipline and government regulation; Understand the complexity of Africa's political environment, pay attention to the complementary role of multi-track diplomacy, attach importance to cultural assistance and cultural communication, and carry out all-round diplomacy; Finally, considering the importance of interest, we should pay attention to the cooperation with other western donors to ensure the smooth progress of aid diplomacy to Africa. In the future, in view of the transformation of China-Africa relations and the timeliness of aid, China's aid diplomacy to Africa will continue to adhere to the core concept of aid to Africa and provide assistance to Africa within its means. It is necessary to plan a long-term and all-round strategy for non-African diplomacy as soon as possible, and to adapt to the new changes in Sino-African relations under the background of globalization.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D822.34

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