蒙古“多支点”外交战略与中蒙关系

发布时间：2018-12-28 07:49

【摘要】：随着苏联解体、冷战结束,两极格局瓦解,世界朝多极化格局方向发展的趋向日益增强,原本在苏联势力影响下的诸多中小国家有了更大的外交自主权,同时由于苏联解体留下的地缘政治真空也多成为诸多大国争相施加影响的平台。在这一背景下,汇聚了中、俄、美、日等大国的东北亚成了国际热点地区之一。而蒙古位于中俄之间的特殊地理位置及其丰富的自然资源成为各大国争夺的目标,在东北亚的战略地位日益凸显。蒙古审时度势,放弃了冷战时期向苏联“一边倒”的外交政策,确立了“主要依靠政治和外交手段保障国家安全”的基本方针,以及处理与大国关系的“等距离、全方位、多支点”的中立外交路线。本文主要分析了蒙古“多支点”外交战略的形成及其指导下与各大国关系的发展,最后落脚于中蒙关系。第一章,蒙古“多支点”外交战略的确立及发展。苏联解体后,蒙古面临的内政、外交的困境是其放弃“一边倒”、确立“多支点”外交战略的根本原因;东北亚局势的变化及蒙古在东北亚战略地位的凸显也为其“多支点”外交战略的确立和实施提供了契机和条件。随着国际形势的变化,蒙古也在对“多支点”外交战略进行补充和完善,但“等距离、全方位、多支点”始终是其坚持的基本原则。第二章,蒙古“多支点”外交战略的实施。主要表现在三个方面:首先,积极发展同中、俄两大传统邻国的关系。蒙古完全被中、俄包围的现实使其意识到良好的蒙中、蒙俄关系是其生存和发展的基础。其次,引入第三邻国,谋求自身利益最大化。蒙古特殊的地理位置及其曾经依附于中、俄的历史使蒙古在积极发展同中俄关系的同时仍对两国抱有戒心,遂引入第三邻国,试图平衡中、俄的影响。在此背景下,蒙美、蒙日关系取得了快速发展。第三,蒙古还积极参加以联合国为首的各类国际组织,利用多边舞台,实现自身发展。第三章,“多支点”外交战略下的中蒙关系。蒙古对中国有着特殊的地缘战略价值,是中国北方的屏障,良好的中蒙关系对于中国营造安全的周边环境有着重要意义。然而随着蒙古“多支点”外交战略的实施,多国力量介入蒙古,蒙古已成为大国力量汇聚之地。虽然各国发展对蒙关系都有其各自的利益考量,但遏制和防范中国却是他们的共同意图。所以,中国必须重视中蒙关系,及时解决中蒙关系发展中存在的问题,确保中蒙关系的健康稳定,防止其他国家利用蒙古遏制中国。
[Abstract]:With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the end of the cold war, the disintegration of the bipolar structure, and the growing trend of the world towards a multi-polar pattern, many small and medium-sized countries originally under the influence of the Soviet forces have greater diplomatic autonomy. At the same time, the geopolitical vacuum left by the collapse of the Soviet Union has become a platform for many major powers to exert influence. Under this background, Northeast Asia, which gathers China, Russia, the United States and Japan, has become one of the international hot spots. Mongolia's special geographical position between China and Russia and its abundant natural resources have become the target of all the great powers, and its strategic position in Northeast Asia has become increasingly prominent. Judging the situation, Mongolia abandoned its foreign policy of "one-sided" the Soviet Union during the cold war, established the basic policy of "mainly relying on political and diplomatic means to safeguard national security," and handled relations with the great powers at an equal distance and in all directions. A neutral diplomatic line with multiple fulcrums. This paper mainly analyzes the formation of Mongolia's "multi-fulcrum" diplomatic strategy and the development of its relations with the major powers under its guidance, finally settling on the relations between China and Mongolia. Chapter one, the establishment and development of Mongolia's multi-fulcrum diplomatic strategy. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Mongolia was confronted with internal affairs and foreign affairs, which was the fundamental reason for Mongolia to give up "one-sided" and establish "multi-fulcrum" diplomatic strategy. The change of the situation in Northeast Asia and the prominence of Mongolia's strategic position in Northeast Asia also provide opportunities and conditions for the establishment and implementation of its "multi-fulcrum" diplomatic strategy. With the change of the international situation, Mongolia is also supplementing and perfecting the diplomatic strategy of "multi-fulcrum", but "equal distance, omni-directional, multi-fulcrum" is always its basic principle. The second chapter, the implementation of Mongolian diplomatic strategy of multi-fulcrum. The main performance is in three aspects: first, to actively develop relations with China, Russia and the two major traditional neighboring countries. Mongolia was completely surrounded by China and Russia made it aware of the good Mongolia-China relations, which were the basis of its survival and development. Second, the introduction of third neighboring countries to maximize their own interests. Mongolia's special geographical position and its dependence on China, Russia's history makes Mongolia, while actively developing its relations with China and Russia, still have a wary attitude towards the two countries, and then introduces the third neighboring country to try to balance the influence of China and Russia. In this context, the Mongolia-US, Mongolia-Japan relations have made rapid development. Third, Mongolia has also actively participated in various international organizations, led by the United Nations, making use of the multilateral arena to achieve its own development. Chapter three, the relationship between China and Mongolia under the diplomatic strategy of multi-fulcrum. Mongolia has special geo-strategic value to China and is a barrier to the north of China. Good Sino-Mongolian relationship is of great significance for China to create a safe surrounding environment. However, with the implementation of the "multi-fulcrum" diplomatic strategy, the multinational force intervened in Mongolia, and Mongolia has become a place where great powers converge. Although all countries have their own interests in developing relations with Mongolia, it is their common intention to contain and prevent China. Therefore, China must attach importance to Sino-Mongolian relations, solve the problems existing in the development of Sino-Mongolian relations in time, ensure the healthy and stable relations between China and Mongolia, and prevent other countries from using Mongolia to contain China.
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D831.1;D822.3

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