战后“人民外交”与中日关系研究
发布时间：2019-01-03 14:12
【摘要】：“人民外交”作为一种独具中国特色的外交形式,它是历史的产物,有着特殊的政治语境。尤其是在新中国成立至中日邦交正常化的这段历史时期里,对中日关系产生了重要的影响。新中国成立后由于冷战国际格局的制约以及东西方阵营对立,外交活动的空间非常有限;特别是建国初期所执行的“一边倒”外交政策,和朝鲜战争的爆发,使中国与一些意识形态相异国家的政治关系的发展变的极为困难。因此,“人民外交”由于其非官方或半官方属性,以及灵活的对外交往方式,成为了新中国开展对外关系工作的重要载体;以“人民外交”辅助官方外交,成为开展对外活动的基本方式。因此,通过对新中国成立至中日邦交正常化这一历史时期内“人民外交”对中日关系影响的考察,对探寻这一时期中日关系周期性恶化的原因,以及当今中日关系的发展有着重要意义。本文首先对“人民外交”的意识形态基础及历史内涵进行了梳理和总结,同时通过与民间外交的辨析突出其所包含的特殊政治语境。其次,通过对“人民外交”的提出、开展、调整、转型以及对中日关系所产生影响的考察,梳理出在1949-1972年这段历史时期内,“人民外交”对中日关系的影响。最后,试对“人民外交”对中日关系的积极作用和局限性做出总结,并从中得出粗浅的启示。本文的结论是:“人民外交”虽在这一特殊的历史时期对中日关系的发展产生了一定的作用,但是通过“人民外交”所达成的协议并非有力的官方外交条约,且由于意识形态的局限,以及在“美日台”条约体制下,日本政府一方面通过“人民外交”大量撰取经济利益,同时满足了日本保守政府稳定国内局势、发展经济、平衡各方利益的需要;一方面却不改敌视、侮辱中国之立场。面对日本政府的如此行径,中国政府只能以完全断绝中日关系作为应对。并且,面对日本国内在友好名义下发起的要求重开贸易的“国民运动”攻势时,中国政府陷入了意识形态困境。因此,鉴于中日关系周期性恶化的现象,以及中美关系改善后中日关系迅速正常化的历史现实,“人民外交”向民间外交的转型就具有了必然性。时至今日,通过民间交流增进两国人民的了解和友谊,仍是中日关系发展的必要环节。但是中日关系最终走出阴晴不定的历史怪圈,仍有赖于日本政府能深刻反省历史问题,以及东亚权力转移之际中国国力的稳步增长。
[Abstract]:As a unique form of diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, "people's diplomacy" is a product of history and has a special political context. Especially in the historical period between the founding of New China and normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, it has had an important impact on Sino-Japanese relations. After the founding of New China, the space for diplomatic activities was very limited because of the restriction of the international structure of the Cold War and the antagonism between the East and the West camp. Especially the "one-sided" foreign policy implemented in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the outbreak of the Korean War made the development of political relations between China and some countries with different ideologies extremely difficult. Therefore, "people's diplomacy", because of its unofficial or semi-official attributes, as well as flexible foreign exchanges, has become an important carrier of the work of foreign relations in New China. Supporting official diplomacy with "people's diplomacy" has become the basic way to carry out external activities. Therefore, by examining the influence of "people's diplomacy" on Sino-Japanese relations during the historical period from the founding of New China to the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, the paper explores the reasons for the cyclical deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations during this period. And the development of relations between China and Japan is of great significance. In this paper, the ideological basis and historical connotation of "people's diplomacy" are first summarized, and the special political context contained in it is highlighted through the discrimination and analysis of folk diplomacy. Secondly, through the introduction, development, adjustment, transformation and investigation of the influence on Sino-Japanese relations, the influence of "people's diplomacy" on Sino-Japanese relations during the historical period from 1949 to 1972 was sorted out. Finally, this paper summarizes the positive effect and limitation of people's diplomacy on Sino-Japanese relations, and draws some enlightenments from it. The conclusion of this paper is: although "people's diplomacy" has played a certain role in the development of Sino-Japanese relations in this special historical period, the agreement reached through "people's diplomacy" is not a powerful official diplomatic treaty. And because of the limitations of ideology, and under the "US-Japan-Taiwan" treaty system, the Japanese government, on the one hand, profited a large number of economic interests through "people's diplomacy," and at the same time satisfied Japan's conservative government with stabilizing the domestic situation and developing its economy. The need to balance the interests of all parties; On the one hand, they do not change their hostility and insult China's position. In the face of such actions by the Japanese government, the Chinese government can only respond by completely severing Sino-Japanese relations. And the Chinese government is in ideological trouble in the face of a "national movement" launched in Japan in the name of friendship to reopen trade. Therefore, in view of the periodic deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations and the historical reality of the rapid normalization of Sino-Japanese relations after the improvement of Sino-US relations, the transition from "people's diplomacy" to folk diplomacy is inevitable. To this day, promoting understanding and friendship between the two peoples through people-to-people exchanges is still a necessary link in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. However, the end of Sino-Japanese relations out of the historical cycle of uncertainty, still depends on the Japanese government to reflect on historical issues, as well as the steady growth of China's power as power transfer in East Asia.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D822.231.3
本文编号：2399489
[Abstract]:As a unique form of diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, "people's diplomacy" is a product of history and has a special political context. Especially in the historical period between the founding of New China and normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, it has had an important impact on Sino-Japanese relations. After the founding of New China, the space for diplomatic activities was very limited because of the restriction of the international structure of the Cold War and the antagonism between the East and the West camp. Especially the "one-sided" foreign policy implemented in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the outbreak of the Korean War made the development of political relations between China and some countries with different ideologies extremely difficult. Therefore, "people's diplomacy", because of its unofficial or semi-official attributes, as well as flexible foreign exchanges, has become an important carrier of the work of foreign relations in New China. Supporting official diplomacy with "people's diplomacy" has become the basic way to carry out external activities. Therefore, by examining the influence of "people's diplomacy" on Sino-Japanese relations during the historical period from the founding of New China to the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, the paper explores the reasons for the cyclical deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations during this period. And the development of relations between China and Japan is of great significance. In this paper, the ideological basis and historical connotation of "people's diplomacy" are first summarized, and the special political context contained in it is highlighted through the discrimination and analysis of folk diplomacy. Secondly, through the introduction, development, adjustment, transformation and investigation of the influence on Sino-Japanese relations, the influence of "people's diplomacy" on Sino-Japanese relations during the historical period from 1949 to 1972 was sorted out. Finally, this paper summarizes the positive effect and limitation of people's diplomacy on Sino-Japanese relations, and draws some enlightenments from it. The conclusion of this paper is: although "people's diplomacy" has played a certain role in the development of Sino-Japanese relations in this special historical period, the agreement reached through "people's diplomacy" is not a powerful official diplomatic treaty. And because of the limitations of ideology, and under the "US-Japan-Taiwan" treaty system, the Japanese government, on the one hand, profited a large number of economic interests through "people's diplomacy," and at the same time satisfied Japan's conservative government with stabilizing the domestic situation and developing its economy. The need to balance the interests of all parties; On the one hand, they do not change their hostility and insult China's position. In the face of such actions by the Japanese government, the Chinese government can only respond by completely severing Sino-Japanese relations. And the Chinese government is in ideological trouble in the face of a "national movement" launched in Japan in the name of friendship to reopen trade. Therefore, in view of the periodic deterioration of Sino-Japanese relations and the historical reality of the rapid normalization of Sino-Japanese relations after the improvement of Sino-US relations, the transition from "people's diplomacy" to folk diplomacy is inevitable. To this day, promoting understanding and friendship between the two peoples through people-to-people exchanges is still a necessary link in the development of Sino-Japanese relations. However, the end of Sino-Japanese relations out of the historical cycle of uncertainty, still depends on the Japanese government to reflect on historical issues, as well as the steady growth of China's power as power transfer in East Asia.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D822.231.3
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