南非人权委员会研究

发布时间：2019-01-05 02:01

【摘要】： 南非曾经是一个实行种族隔离和专制压迫的国家,那时的南非社会是一个严重两极分化的社会,黑人遭受到制度性的侵犯和社会经济剥削。但是,这种状况注定要发生改变,因为尊重与保障人权已成为当今国际社会发展的主流,也是各个国家不可推卸的义务和责任。南非自1990年开始了民主化变革,这场历史巨变从表面上看是废除了种族隔离制度,建立了种族平等的民主制度,但其实质是南非实现人权的尊重与保障。南非在这个过程中改革了原有的国家机构,同时也建立了一些新的国家机构,南非人权委员会就是南非在变革中新建立的国家机构,它的职责是推动对人权的尊重以及发展人权文化、推动对人权的保障、发展与维护以及监督与评估南非人权状况。本文以南非人权委员会为研究对象,重点分析南非人权委员会是否有效地履行了宪法和法律赋予的职责,并从中总结南非人权委员会在促进人权的尊重、保护与实现方面取得的成功经验和存在的不足之处,为其他国家设立人权委员会提供借鉴。本文由导论、正文和结论组成。导论说明了本文研究背景、目的、意义及方法。正文包括五章: 第一章主要介绍南非人权委员会的建立过程,它的建立是与南非的民主化进程相联系的,因此,这就决定了南非建立人权委员会除了尊重和保障人权的目的以外,还有增强民主和促进良治的目的;第二章从静态和动态两方面对南非人权委员会基本情况进行了分析。首先分析了人权委员会独立的法律地位。其次介绍了南非人权委员会的组织架构,包括委员会委员、行政人员和辅助人员,重点分析了南非关于人权委员会委员的规定及其不足之处。最后介绍了南非人权委员会的运行,包括委员会的会议制度和委员会履行的职责;第三章和第四章重点论述了南非关于人权委员会教育、咨询和救济职权的规定及其实际履行情况,通过研究表明南非人权委员会积极履行职权,取得了良好的效果;第五章以《巴黎原则》为基础,通过对独立性、便民性、开展合作、责任制以及广泛的职权等方面的分析得出南非人权委员会具有有效性的结论,并总结了南非人权委员会成立近15年来的成功经验和面临的问题;本文在结论中指出南非人权委员会能够有效运作并取得良好的效果是由一系列因素决定的,照抄照搬《巴黎原则》不一定能够建立一个有效地人权委员会,各国只有结合本国的历史背景、政治环境、经济状况、社会发展等多方面因素才能建立一个有效的人权委员会。
[Abstract]:South Africa used to be a country of apartheid and despotism, a society that was so polarized that blacks were subjected to systematic aggression and socio-economic exploitation. However, this situation is bound to change, as respect for and protection of human rights have become the mainstream of the development of the international community today, and they are the unshirkable obligations and responsibilities of individual States. Since 1990, South Africa began to reform its democratization. This great historical change is, on the surface, the abolition of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic system of racial equality, but its essence is the respect and guarantee of the realization of human rights in South Africa. In the process, South Africa has reformed its existing national institutions and has also established some new national institutions. The South African Human Rights Commission is the newly established national institution of South Africa in the process of transformation. Its role is to promote respect for human rights and the development of a human rights culture, to promote the protection, development and protection of human rights, and to monitor and evaluate the human rights situation in South Africa. This paper focuses on the South African Human Rights Commission, which focuses on the effectiveness of the South African Human Rights Commission in fulfilling its constitutional and legal responsibilities and summarizing the role of the South African Human Rights Commission in promoting respect for human rights, The successful experiences and shortcomings in protection and realization can be used as a reference for other countries to set up human rights commissions. This paper consists of an introduction, a text and a conclusion. The introduction explains the background, purpose, significance and method of this paper. The text consists of five chapters: the first chapter mainly introduces the establishment of the South African Human Rights Commission, which is linked to the process of democratization in South Africa. This determines that the establishment of the Human Rights Commission in South Africa has, in addition to the objective of respecting and guaranteeing human rights, the purpose of strengthening democracy and promoting good governance; The second chapter analyzes the basic situation of the South African Human Rights Commission from the static and dynamic aspects. First, the independent legal status of the Human Rights Commission is analyzed. Secondly, the paper introduces the organizational structure of the South African Human Rights Commission, including the members of the Commission, the administrative staff and the assistant staff, and analyzes the regulations and deficiencies of the members of the South African Human Rights Commission. Finally, it describes the functioning of the South African Human Rights Commission, including the system of meetings of the Commission and the responsibilities performed by the Commission; The third and fourth chapters focus on South Africa's provisions on the mandate of the Human Rights Commission on education, advice and relief and their actual implementation. The study shows that the South African Human Rights Commission has carried out its mandate actively and has achieved good results. Chapter V, on the basis of the Paris principles, draws the conclusions of the South African Human Rights Commission on the effectiveness of the South African Human Rights Commission through an analysis of independence, accessibility, cooperation, accountability and a broad mandate, And summed up the South African Human Rights Commission in the past 15 years of successful experience and problems faced; In conclusion, it is pointed out that the effective functioning and good results of the South African Human Rights Commission are determined by a number of factors, and that copying the Paris principles does not necessarily lead to the establishment of an effective Human Rights Commission. Countries can establish an effective human rights commission only by combining their historical background, political environment, economic situation, social development and other factors.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D815.7

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