美国与拉美激进左翼政权关系研究

发布时间：2019-01-10 16:46

【摘要】：冷战结束后及新世纪以来，美国对拉丁美洲的重视程度持续下降。拉美国家在面临在政治、经济和社会等严峻考验的同时，对美国的失落和反感情绪不断加深。这一时期，拉美激进左翼政治力量逐步形成并得到迅速发展。拉美激进左翼在委内瑞拉、玻利维亚和厄瓜多尔执政后大力推行“激进变革”，对外政策特别是对美政策也在捍卫主权利益、巩固执政地位和顺应民众情绪等需求下彻底转变。查韦斯、莫拉莱斯和科雷亚等激进左翼领导人对美国采取强硬立场，并对其在本国及拉美的传统利益和权威发起挑战。与此同时，秉持新保守主义和单边主义等理念的小布什政府对拉美激进左翼政权保持敌视态度，意图左右激进左翼政权的国内政局并分化其阵营。双方关系持续紧张，但在国际金融危机持续蔓延和奥巴马政府执政的背景下出现一定缓和。在总体演进和发展过程中，美国与拉美激进左翼政权的关系呈现出较强的阶段性特点，，并受到美国对外政策调整、拉美激进左翼政权执政形势发展及领导人性格特质等具体因素的影响。由于双方根本矛盾的不可调和性及激进左翼政权执政形势、内部架构等潜在的不稳定性，美国与拉美激进左翼政权的关系今后还将面临严峻考验。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the Cold War and in the new century, America's emphasis on Latin America has continued to decline. As Latin American countries face severe political, economic and social challenges, their feelings of loss and aversion to the United States are deepening. During this period, the radical left-wing political forces in Latin America gradually formed and developed rapidly. The radical left in Latin America pushed for radical change after Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador, and foreign policy, especially toward the United States, has been transformed under the demands of defending sovereign interests, consolidating governance and responding to popular sentiment. Radical left-wing leaders such as Ch 谩 vez, Morales and Correa have taken a hard line against the United States and challenged their traditional interests and authority in their own countries and Latin America. At the same time, the Bush administration, with ideas such as neoconservatism and unilateralism, is hostile to radical left-wing regimes in Latin America, with the intention of dominating their domestic politics and dividing their camps. Relations between the two sides continue to be tense, but in the context of the continued spread of the international financial crisis and the Obama administration, there has been some relaxation. In the process of overall evolution and development, the relationship between the United States and the radical left-wing regime in Latin America has shown a strong stage characteristic, and has been adjusted by the United States foreign policy. Latin American radical left-wing regime in power development and leadership personality characteristics and other specific factors. Due to the irreconcilability of the fundamental contradictions between the two sides and the potential instability of the ruling situation of the radical left-wing regime and the internal structure, the relationship between the United States and the radical left-wing regime in Latin America will face a severe test in the future.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;D873

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