苏联对波罗的海三国的外交政策研究（1917-1945）

发布时间：2019-01-20 08:32

【摘要】：1917-1945年间苏联与波罗的海三国关系的发展大致历经了三国赢得独立、双方和平共处、三国被苏联兼并三个阶段。苏联对波罗的海三国的外交政策也历经了从列宁时代的和平外交、30年代集体安全尝试、二战前的安全自保的演变历程。在列宁时代，苏联与波罗的海三国建立起平等的外交关系；欧洲法西斯势力兴起之后，苏联进一步与波罗的海三国签订《国防安全互助条约》，在三国境内设立军事基地；随着二战的爆发及战争进程的发展，苏联吞并了波罗的海三国。苏联对波罗的海三国外交政策的演变主要源于欧洲安全格局的演变，德国的复兴及法西斯化推动了苏联采取一系列预防性安全政策，，不断侵蚀波罗的海三国主权，直至兼并。俄国扩张的历史传统及对波罗的海出海口的向往，是苏联侵吞波罗的海三国的深层文化因素和国家利益的驱动。斯大林的国家安全观的实践体现出苏联大国沙文主义和强权政治的理念。苏联建国初期的和平外交是社会主义国家对外交往的成功实践；30年代的集体安全是基于自愿互助原则而采取的必要举措。然而，吞并波罗的海三国，建立所谓的“东方战线”的政策则是赤裸裸的侵略，这既损害了苏联社会主义国家的形象，也未起到应有的安全缓冲作用。苏联对波罗三国外交政策的经验教训为当今国际社会中的大国在处理与小国关系时提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:From 1917 to 1945, the development of the relations between the Soviet Union and the three Baltic states had three stages: the three countries won their independence, the two sides coexisted peacefully, and the three countries were annexed by the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the three Baltic countries has also undergone the evolution from the peaceful diplomacy of Lenin's time, the collective security attempt in the 1930s and the self-protection of security before World War II. In Lenin's time, the Soviet Union established equal diplomatic relations with the three Baltic countries. After the rise of European fascist forces, the Soviet Union and the Baltic States signed the Treaty of Mutual Assistance for National Defense and Security and set up military bases in the three countries. With the outbreak of World War II and the development of the war process, the Soviet Union annexed the Baltic three countries. The evolution of the Soviet Union's foreign policy towards the three Baltic countries was mainly due to the evolution of the European security structure. The revival and fascism of Germany pushed the Soviet Union to adopt a series of preventive security policies, which continued to erode the sovereignty of the three Baltic countries until the annexation. The historical tradition of Russia's expansion and its yearning for the opening of the Baltic Sea are the deep cultural factors and national interests driven by Soviet usurpation of the three Baltic countries. The practice of Stalin's concept of national security embodies the concept of chauvinism and power politics of Soviet powers. The peaceful diplomacy in the early days of the founding of the Soviet Union was the successful practice of the socialist countries in their foreign exchanges, and collective security in the 1930s was a necessary measure based on the principle of voluntary mutual assistance. However, the policy of annexing the three Baltic states and establishing the so-called "Eastern Front" was an outright aggression, which damaged the image of the Soviet Socialist countries and did not serve as a security buffer. The experience and lessons of the Soviet Union's foreign policy to the three Baltic countries provide reference for the great powers in the international community in dealing with the relations with the small countries.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D851.2

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