俄美北极关系视角下的北极地缘政治发展分析

发布时间：2019-02-16 22:13

【摘要】：鉴于北极地缘空间呈现向全球扩散的趋势,对北极地缘政治的分析不仅需要涉及国家间关系的地区层次,更要考虑该地区与周边地区互动的地区间层次,以及大国关系对体系影响的全球层次。北极地缘政治的一个显著特征为其外部压力是内生的,区域内大国俄国和美国在区域外互动的影响力非常强大,以至于产生外溢效应使得地区国际关系或安全机理从属于俄美结构性的矛盾和竞争关系。从这个意义上讲,俄美北极关系构成推动北极地缘政治发展的主导性力量。同时,北极区域治理机制的存在、合作性共识的建立以及地区在互动过程中形成一定程度的独立性与排他性,使作为区域主导性关系的俄美北极关系已经不完全是俄美全球关系在北极的简单投射,而呈现出一定的隔离或滞后效应。以俄美北极关系为驱动的地缘政治核心层和不断增强作用的治理层之间的互动,构成北极地缘政治发展的基本构架。
[Abstract]:In view of the trend of the global spread of Arctic geo-space, the analysis of Arctic geopolitics needs not only the regional level of inter-state relations, but also the inter-regional level of interaction between the region and the surrounding regions. And the global level of the influence of great power relations on the system. One of the salient features of Arctic geopolitics is that external pressures are endogenous, and the influence of the great powers of the region, Russia and the United States, is very strong outside the region. The spillover effect makes regional international relations or security mechanism subordinate to the structural contradiction and competition relationship between Russia and the United States. In this sense, the relationship between Russia and the United States constitutes the dominant force for the development of Arctic geopolitics. At the same time, the existence of the Arctic regional governance mechanism, the establishment of cooperative consensus and the formation of a certain degree of independence and exclusivity in the process of regional interaction, The relationship between Russia and America, which is the dominant regional relationship, is not only a simple projection of the global relationship between Russia and the United States in the Arctic, but also presents a certain isolation or lag effect. The interaction between the core layer of geopolitics driven by the relationship between Russia and the United States and the layer of governance, which is constantly increasing, constitutes the basic framework for the development of Arctic geopolitics.
【作者单位】：中国极地研究中心;
【基金】：国家“南北极环境综合考察与评估专项”极地地缘政治研究子专题(CHINARE 2015—04—05—01)
【分类号】：D815

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