战略文化变迁与当代中国外交转型

发布时间：2019-03-20 07:35

【摘要】：当代中国外交发生了两次重大转型,第一次转型发生在20世纪70年代末80年代初,主要表现为中国从主流国际社会的对抗者和反对者转变为参与者和合作者；第二次转型发生在20世纪90年代中后期,主要表现为中国由国际社会的消极、被动参与者转变为积极修正者和建设者。解析当代中国外交转型的动力机制是本文所要解决的问题。现有的体系、单元、政府、社会和个体等层次的解释模型都难以令人信服,本文提出并验证一种从战略文化变迁视角解读中国外交转型的理论模型。论文的第一章是理论建构部分,阐明战略文化对外交行为的作用机理。战略文化是战略决策群体内化的一套观念体系和行为偏好。战略文化能够建构外交行为,这通过两个层次来实现,首先,战略决策群体内化的观念体系定位国家身份、界定国家利益并继而明确外交政策选项；其次,观念体系经长期内化而成为战略决策群体的行为偏好,而行为偏好最终指向特定的外交行为。第二章从历史的角度考察当代中国战略文化的形成与变迁。战略文化是受战略决策群体、思想文化背景、历史经历和国际国内环境等多种因素影响建构而成的。从新中国成立至20世纪70年代末,中国形成并处于冲突型战略文化,其形成与内化主要是受外力胁迫的结果,时代背景和国际格局是其核心导因。从20世纪70年代末至90年代中期前,中国形成并处于合作型战略文化,其形成与内化主要是受利益驱使的结果,国内政治生态变动是其核心导因。20世纪90年代中后期之后,中国逐步形成并处于修正型战略文化,其形成与内化主要是自主塑造的结果,国家实力上升是其核心导因。第三章通过对当代中国外交的实证考察,论证正是由于战略文化的两次重大变迁导致了中国外交的两次转型。冲突型战略文化转向合作型战略文化的过程中,中国战略决策群体的观念体系和行为偏好发生了转变,中国的外交行为因此发生了从倾向冲突对抗到偏好合作的第一次重大转型,表现在中国与大国关系形态、领土争端解决方式、国际制度参与度的变化。从合作型战略文化转向修正型战略文化,引发了中国外交的第二次转型,表现在地区层面,中国以多边合作体系积极修正美国主导的双边同盟体系,并主动创建地区安全机制；在全球层面,中国显现出负责任大国的形象,积极推动全球治理机制的改革和创建,展现出金融危机中的改革者、治理新机制的创建者和气候议题中的博弈者的外交新形象。由此验证了从战略文化变迁视角解读当代中国外交转型这一理论模型的正确性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Contemporary China's diplomacy has undergone two major transformations, the first of which occurred in the late 1970s and early 1980s, mainly manifested in the transformation of China from the antagonists and opponents of the mainstream international society into participants and collaborators; The second transformation took place in the middle and late 1990s, which mainly showed that China changed from a passive participant to a positive corrector and builder from the international community. Analyzing the dynamic mechanism of contemporary China's diplomatic transformation is the problem to be solved in this paper. The existing system, unit, government, social and individual interpretation models are difficult to convince. This paper puts forward and validates a theoretical model to interpret China's diplomatic transition from the perspective of strategic cultural changes. The first chapter of the thesis is the part of theoretical construction, which clarifies the mechanism of strategic culture on diplomatic behavior. Strategic culture is a set of idea system and behavior preference of strategic decision group internalization. Strategic culture can construct diplomatic behavior, which can be realized through two levels. Firstly, strategic decision-making groups internalize the concept system to position the national identity, define the national interests and then define the foreign policy options; Secondly, after long-term internalization, the idea system becomes the strategic decision-making group's behavior favourably, and the behavior preference finally points to the specific diplomatic behavior. The second chapter examines the formation and change of contemporary Chinese strategic culture from the historical point of view. Strategic culture is constructed by many factors, such as strategic decision-making group, ideological and cultural background, historical experience and international and domestic environment. From the founding of the people's Republic of China to the end of 1970s, China formed and was in a conflict-type strategic culture. The formation and internalization of the culture was mainly the result of external stress, and the background of the times and the international pattern were the core reasons for the formation and internalization of the culture. From the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, China formed and was in a cooperative strategic culture, the formation and internalization of which was mainly driven by interests, and the change of domestic political ecology was its core cause. After the middle and late 1990s, China is gradually formed and in a modified strategic culture, the formation and internalization of which is mainly the result of self-shaping, and the rise of national strength is the core cause of its formation and internalization. In the third chapter, through the empirical investigation of contemporary Chinese diplomacy, it is proved that the two major changes of strategic culture have led to the two transformations of Chinese diplomacy. In the process of shifting conflict strategic culture to cooperative strategic culture, the concept system and behavior preference of Chinese strategic decision-making groups have changed. As a result, China's diplomatic behavior has undergone its first major transition from conflict-prone confrontation to preference-cooperation, which is manifested in the changes in the relationship between China and the major powers, the settlement of territorial disputes, and the degree of participation in the international system. From the cooperative strategic culture to the modified strategic culture, the second transformation of China's diplomacy was initiated. At the regional level, China actively revised the bilateral alliance system led by the United States with the multilateral cooperation system, and took the initiative to establish the regional security mechanism. At the global level, China has shown the image of a responsible power, actively promoted the reform and creation of the global governance mechanism, and displayed a new diplomatic image of the reformers in the financial crisis, the founder of the new governance mechanism and the players in the climate issues. This verifies the correctness and validity of the theoretical model of contemporary China's diplomatic transformation from the perspective of strategic cultural changes.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D820

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