欧盟对伊朗核问题的政策转变
发布时间：2019-04-12 08:28
【摘要】：伊朗核问题涉及国际核不扩散体系安全和中东地区和平稳定，牵动大国博弈和国际关系演变，影响国际原油价格和能源战略通道安全，近年来一直是国际社会的关注焦点，也是持续升温的热点问题。 欧盟出于维护自身战略安全、保障经贸能源利益以及提升在中东地区影响力等原因，自2003年起以积极、主动、温和姿态介入伊朗核问题，主张通过对话与合作，通过向伊朗提供安全承诺、经济援助和技术支持换取伊朗主动放弃核计划。然而，随着欧盟“诱伊弃核”政策宣告失败、伊朗“拥核坐大”风险不断上升等原因，欧盟对伊朗核问题的政策随之调整转变，逐渐与美国强硬立场趋同，，对伊实施经济制裁与外交谈判并行的“双轨”政策，并倾向于以严厉的能源和金融制裁打击伊经济命脉，迫使伊在核问题上作出实质性让步。 欧盟对伊朗核问题政策从温和转变为强硬，对伊国内经济发展和社会稳定造成了严重影响，增加了伊朗核问题外交解决的难度以及美欧与伊朗对抗摊牌的风险，也将牵动中东政治格局和地区形势进一步复杂变化。中国是伊朗核问题六国机制中的重要一方，中国在伊朗也拥有重大的战略利益，欧盟政策转变对中国如何更好地维护外交形象和自身利益提出了新的挑战。
[Abstract]:The Iranian nuclear issue is related to the security of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East. It affects the game among major countries and the evolution of international relations, and affects the security of international crude oil prices and energy strategic passageways. It has been the focus of attention of the international community in recent years. It is also a hot issue of continuous warming. For reasons such as maintaining its own strategic security, safeguarding economic and trade energy interests and enhancing its influence in the Middle East region, the EU has been actively, proactively and mildly involved in the Iranian nuclear issue since 2003 and advocated dialogue and cooperation. By providing Iran with security commitments, financial aid and technical support in exchange for Iran's voluntary abandonment of its nuclear program. However, with the failure of the EU's policy of inducement and abandonment of nuclear weapons, and the increasing risk of Iran's nuclear support, the EU's policy on the Iranian nuclear issue has been adjusted and changed and gradually converged with the hard-line stance of the United States. The implementation of economic sanctions and diplomatic negotiations in parallel to the "two-track" policy, and tends to use severe energy and financial sanctions to crack down on Iraq's economic lifeline, forcing Iraq to make substantive concessions on the nuclear issue. The transition from moderate to tough EU policy on the Iranian nuclear issue has had a serious impact on Iraq's domestic economic development and social stability, increasing the difficulty of diplomatic settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue and the risk of a showdown between the United States and Europe and Iran. Will also affect the Middle East political pattern and regional situation further complex changes. China is one of the important parties in the six-nation regime of Iran's nuclear issue. China also has important strategic interests in Iran. The EU policy change poses a new challenge for China to better safeguard its diplomatic image and its own interests.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.2
本文编号：2456871
[Abstract]:The Iranian nuclear issue is related to the security of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and peace and stability in the Middle East. It affects the game among major countries and the evolution of international relations, and affects the security of international crude oil prices and energy strategic passageways. It has been the focus of attention of the international community in recent years. It is also a hot issue of continuous warming. For reasons such as maintaining its own strategic security, safeguarding economic and trade energy interests and enhancing its influence in the Middle East region, the EU has been actively, proactively and mildly involved in the Iranian nuclear issue since 2003 and advocated dialogue and cooperation. By providing Iran with security commitments, financial aid and technical support in exchange for Iran's voluntary abandonment of its nuclear program. However, with the failure of the EU's policy of inducement and abandonment of nuclear weapons, and the increasing risk of Iran's nuclear support, the EU's policy on the Iranian nuclear issue has been adjusted and changed and gradually converged with the hard-line stance of the United States. The implementation of economic sanctions and diplomatic negotiations in parallel to the "two-track" policy, and tends to use severe energy and financial sanctions to crack down on Iraq's economic lifeline, forcing Iraq to make substantive concessions on the nuclear issue. The transition from moderate to tough EU policy on the Iranian nuclear issue has had a serious impact on Iraq's domestic economic development and social stability, increasing the difficulty of diplomatic settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue and the risk of a showdown between the United States and Europe and Iran. Will also affect the Middle East political pattern and regional situation further complex changes. China is one of the important parties in the six-nation regime of Iran's nuclear issue. China also has important strategic interests in Iran. The EU policy change poses a new challenge for China to better safeguard its diplomatic image and its own interests.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.2
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