从远东到近北：澳大利亚的亚洲观与对亚政策

发布时间：2019-05-07 17:46

【摘要】： 澳大利亚在地理上临近亚洲,但其文化、政治、社会、经济根基却是西方的。澳洲的对外政策发展史与二十世纪的两个大国息息相关。以英国和美国为中心的对外政策曾长期主导着澳洲的对外关系。第二次世界大战结束后随着其国际地位下降,英国逐渐推行海外战略收缩政策,回归欧洲,后期越战泥潭中美国出台的“尼克松主义”关于减少对盟友安全保障的现实也开始让澳大利亚开始审视自己的周边环境和对外政策。二十世纪八九十年代以来随着区域合作的兴起以及亚洲战略地位的日渐突出,澳大利亚开始积极融入亚洲。澳洲在这一时期对亚洲的观念发生何种变化?澳洲推行了哪些政策来融入亚洲?这些政策在不同政党执政期间是否具有连贯性和一致性?融入亚洲的政策前景如何?这是本文关注的问题。本文回顾了二战结束以来澳大利亚对亚洲观念的演变历程,着重考察了冷战结束后迄今澳大利亚三届政府：基廷、霍华德和陆克文政府对亚洲推行的经济贸易以及战略安全政策,从中探索出其连贯性和一致性,最后对澳洲融入亚洲的前景做了展望。澳大利亚长期以来一直面临着在历史和地理之间进行选择。早期的澳大利亚对亚洲持怀疑和敌视态度。二十世纪七八十年代以来,在经济和安全策略等因素驱动下澳大利亚的对亚洲政策和观念也趋于积极,这逐渐向九十年代的积极融入亚洲政策过渡。1989年澳洲总理霍克提出了建立亚太经合组织(APEC),以后的几届政府也在这方面取得了显著发展,为澳洲在亚太地区赢得了较好声誉。在本地区,澳洲与亚洲的经贸往来更加频繁,战略安全合作更加紧密。在民间交流方面,亚洲赴澳移民、留学和旅游的人数也都持续增长。澳洲对自己在国际社会进行了重新定位,反过来对亚洲也产生了深刻的影响。总之,澳洲在二十世纪八九十年代以来一直推行积极全面融入亚洲的政策。尽管在这一过程中也面临着一定的挑战和障碍,如意识形态或文化定位等方面的冲突。但作者认为随着亚洲经济的不断发展和战略重要性的不断增强,澳洲会更加积极主动的重视与它毗邻最近的地区。正如澳大利亚前外交部长亚历山大·唐纳曾提到过,澳洲的未来在亚洲,澳洲政府会致力于这个目标,并且将融入亚洲的政策作为外交第一要务来对待。同时,澳洲在亚太地区的定位也会促进亚太地区的区域稳定,共同迎来广阔的发展前景。
[Abstract]:Australia is geographically close to Asia, but its cultural, political, social and economic roots are Western. Australia's history of foreign policy development is closely related to the two major powers of the 20th century. British and American foreign policy dominated Australia's foreign relations for a long time. After the end of the second World War, as its international status declined, Britain gradually pursued its overseas strategic contraction policy and returned to Europe. In the late Vietnam War, the "Nixon Doctrine" of the United States to reduce the security of its allies began to let Australia begin to examine its surrounding environment and foreign policy. Since the 1980s and 1990s, with the rise of regional cooperation and the increasingly prominent strategic position of Asia, Australia has been actively integrated into Asia. What changes have taken place in Australia's perception of Asia during this period? What policies does Australia have in place to integrate into Asia? Are these policies consistent and consistent during the administration of different political parties? What are the policy prospects for integration into Asia? This is the focus of this paper. This paper reviews the evolution of Australia's concept of Asia since the end of World War II, focusing on the three governments of Australia since the end of the Cold War: Keating, Howard and Rudd's government explored the consistency and consistency of the economic, trade and strategic security policies pursued by the Asian governments, and finally looked forward to the prospect of Australia's integration into Asia. Australia has long faced a choice between history and geography. Early Australia was skeptical and hostile to Asia. Since the 1970s and 1980s, Australia's policies and concepts towards Asia, driven by economic and security strategies, have also tended to be positive. This has gradually shifted to an active integration into Asian policy in the 1990s. In 1989, Australian Prime Minister Hawke proposed that several governments after the establishment of the APEC (APEC), have also made remarkable progress in this regard. Australia has won a good reputation in the Asia-Pacific region. In this region, Australia and Asia more frequent economic and trade exchanges, strategic security cooperation closer. In terms of non-governmental exchanges, the number of Asian immigrants to Australia, study abroad and tourism has also continued to grow. Australia has repositioned itself in the international community, which in turn has had a profound impact on Asia. In short, Australia has been actively integrated into Asia since the 1980s and 1990s. Although this process also faces certain challenges and obstacles, such as ideological or cultural positioning conflicts. However, the author believes that with the continuous development of Asian economy and the increasing strategic importance, Australia will attach more proactive importance to the nearest region. As former Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer mentioned, Australia's future in Asia, the Australian government will be committed to this goal, and integration into Asia policy as a diplomatic priority. At the same time, Australia's position in the Asia-Pacific region will also promote regional stability in the Asia-Pacific region.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D861.1

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