冷战后中美对非洲援助比较研究
发布时间：2019-05-18 05:38
【摘要】：非洲一直在中国对外战略中具有重要地位,对非洲援助是发展中非关系、提升中国软实力、构建和谐世界的重要途径。非洲在美国的国际战略中虽不处于核心地位,但在其战略重要性日益增加。对非洲援助是美国追求对非洲政策目标的重要工具,也是美国重塑软实力的方式之一。美国的援非政策对非洲及其他援助国都有重要影响。美国越来越关注中国对非洲的援助,并评估中国在非洲影响力上升对美国的影响。中美在非洲相遇,援助将成为二者竞争与合作的重要领域。对中国来说,美国对非洲援助政策特别值得关注和研究。 目前国内外对中国或者美国对非洲援助的研究虽然已经取得了一定成果,但还缺乏对中美援非的系统比较,国内和国际都存在对中国援非的某些误解。为了能为弥补这些缺憾有所贡献,本文在借鉴前人已有研究成果的基础上,客观比较中美在援非领域的异同点,总结出二者的长处和不足,并力图为中国提升对非洲援助水平提出有益建议。在研究方法上以马克思主义历史分析和辩证分析方法为主,同时综合运用比较分析、案例分析及统计分析等其它研究方法。 绪论主要阐述了本选题的选题意义、国内外研究综述等,明确了论文所采用的对外援助定义。此外,还简要介绍了所使用的研究方法以及论文的创新之处。除绪论外,正文共有六章内容。 第一章简要回顾了冷战期间中美对非洲援助的历史,重点梳理冷战后在变化了的国际国内背景下中美对非洲援助政策的调整和发展进程,分析其原因,并总结了各个阶段中美对非援助的特点。 第二章主要阐述了中美对非洲援助理念的文化渊源。中国援助非洲的理念主要体现在历年来各项政策文件中对原则的规定方面,以中国传统文化中的“和合”文化为精神内核,受到国际主义原则的深刻影响,并发展出了互惠互利,共同发展的援助新理念。美国在援非时附加的政治、经济及价值观等条件反映出美国援非理念的特殊文化渊源,即基督教宗教文化传统、“上帝选民”和“天定命运”观,这已内嵌为美国现实主义和理想主义外交传统的文化内核的重要内容。此外,非裔美国人深受美国文化和非洲文化的双重影响,随着他们政治、经济地位的提高,双重文化的影响也日益体现。本章还从政治、经济和国际道义三个方面对中美援非的目标进行了系统比较,中美间也是既有许多共同之处,又存在较大差异。 第三章着重比较中美对非洲各个地区的援助重点。经过比较发现:在台湾问题上是否坚持一个中国原则以及是否对中国友好是中国与各非洲国家关系正常发展的决定性因素,也在很大程度上决定了中国援助是否能够连贯实施。一方面,中国重视以援助推动与非洲各国经贸关系发展,另一方面,受援国的经济水平和实际需要也被纳入援助的考量范围。中国在坚持“不干涉内政”和“不附加任何政治条件”原则的前提下,侧重基础设施建设、文化、教育等关系民生的发展援助项目。这些体现出了中国援助较大的利他性。是否具有重要的安全、经济、能源价值是美国选择重点受援国的决定性因素。美国虽然重视通过援助促进受援国进行民主和自由化改革,但更重视受援国是否“亲美”并将之作为增加或削减援助的重要依据。受援国的经济发展水平和实际需要并不是美国援助的必然考虑因素。美国更倾向于实施能够在短期内显现效果的人道主义食品援助和健康医疗援助。这些反映出美国援助较强的利己性。 第四章主要从中美援非的机制、方式及其他国家的评价等方面进行比较分析。在援非管理机制和方式上,中美间存在较大差异。在对其他国家尤其是非洲国家对中美援非的评价进行比较后发现,大多数非洲民众对中国和美国都持正面看法。虽然美国对非洲援助的绝对数量远远多于中国,但非洲民众对中国印象良好的比例高于美国,中国援助奉行不干涉内政原则和重视基础设施建设的做法赢得了非洲民众的普遍认可。美国在对中国援助非洲的评价方面正趋向于全面和积极。第五章选取苏丹作为个案,具体分析中美对苏丹援助的历史,援助目标的异同之处,并对南苏丹独立后中美援助的发展趋势进行展望。 第六章主要在前文对中美援非的比较分析后对提高中国援非水平的一些思考。首先,总结了中美援助非洲优势和不足。其次,对中美在援非领域可能进行的对话与合作进行了分析。中美在援非领域的对话与合作具有重要意义,可以采取如下措施:鼓励非官方层面的援非对话与交流;促进官方对话交流从较低层级向较高级发展;建立中美援非联合委员会和工作小组;在适当的时候邀请相关非洲受援国参与。中美间要开展援非对话与合作可以从人道主义援助和医疗卫生援助这两个议题做出尝试。中美对非洲援助的对话与合作尚是一种设想,中国还将应对中美援非对话与合作机构不对口、美国国内政治因素影响以及中国如何把握话语权等诸多问题。最后,本章对中国提升援非水平提出政策建议:第一,应逐步完善中国对外援助机制,第二,应增加中国媒体对援非领域的关注度,第三,应做好非洲国家发展的前瞻性调研分析工作,第四,还应鼓励援非施工人员加强与当地的交流以增强进信任。
[Abstract]:Africa has always played an important role in China's foreign strategy, and it is an important way to improve China's soft power and to build a harmonious world. Although Africa is not at the core of its international strategy in the United States, its strategic importance is increasing. Africa's aid is one of the most important tools for the United States to pursue its policy goals in Africa, and one of the ways in which the United States is reshaping its soft power. America's non-policy has an important impact on Africa and other donor countries. The United States is paying more and more attention to China's assistance to Africa and to assess the impact of China's rise in Africa's influence on the United States. China and the United States meet in Africa, and aid will be an important area for both competition and cooperation. For China, the United States is of particular concern and research for Africa's aid policies. At present, the research on the aid of China or the United States at home and abroad has made some achievements, but it also lacks the systematic comparison of Sino-US aid, and there are some of China's aid to China both in China and in the world In order to make up for these shortcomings, this paper objectively compares the similarities and differences between China and the United States in the aid of non-field, and sums up the strengths and weaknesses of both China and the United States in order to make a good contribution to the level of aid in Africa. It is suggested that the method of research is mainly based on the analysis of the history of Marxism and the dialectical analysis method, and the comparative analysis, case analysis and statistical analysis are applied to other research. Methods. The introduction mainly expounds the significance of the selection of the topic, the review of the domestic and foreign research, etc., and defines the application of the thesis. The definition of external assistance. In addition, the methods of research and papers used are also briefly described In addition to the introduction, the body Chapter one briefly reviews the history of Sino-US assistance to Africa during the cold war, and focuses on the adjustment and development of the aid policy of the United States and the United States in the context of the changed international and domestic background in the post-cold war, and analyses its causes and summarizes the various stages. The second chapter mainly discusses the relationship between China and the United States. The cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa is the cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa. The concept of China's aid to Africa is mainly reflected in the policy documents in the past years. The "and close" culture in China's traditional culture is the core of the spirit and is deeply influenced by the principles of internationalism, and the mutual benefit has been developed The new concept of aid for common development, such as the political, economic and value added by the United States in the absence of aid, reflects the special cultural origin of American aid concept, that is, the traditional, "God's Voters" and "the fate of the day" view of the Christian religious culture, which has been built into the American realistic and idealistic diplomatic transmission. In addition, African-American people are deeply influenced by American culture and African culture, and with their political and economic advancement, The influence of heavy culture is also reflected in this chapter. This chapter also makes systematic comparison of the target of middle-and-American aid from the three aspects of politics, economy and international morality. In the same place, there is a great difference. The third chapter focuses on the comparison. China and the United States focus on aid in the various parts of Africa. It has been found that the adherence to a Chinese principle on the question of Taiwan and whether China's friendship is a decisive factor in the normal development of relations between China and the African countries is also to a great extent On the one hand, China attaches great importance to the promotion of economic and trade relations with African countries, and on the other hand, the economic level and reality of the recipient countries The need for inter-regional needs is also included in the scope of aid. China, on the premise of upholding the principles of "non-interference in internal affairs" and "No political conditions attached", focuses on infrastructure construction, culture, The development assistance project of the people's livelihood, such as education, etc. It reflects China's large-scale interests, and whether it has important security, economy and energy value is beauty The country had chosen the decisive factor for recipient countries. While the United States attached importance to the reform of democracy and liberalization through aid for recipient countries, the United States attached great importance to the "to be in love with the" of the recipient countries and would As an important basis for the increase or reduction of aid, the level of economic development and the actual needs of recipient countries It's not an inevitable factor for U.S. aid. The United States is more inclined to implement people who can show their effects in the short term. channel-based food aid and health-care assistance. This is The fourth chapter is mainly from the mechanism and way of the aid of the United States. Comparative analysis on the evaluation of other countries. In other countries, especially in Africa, the evaluation of Sino-American aid has been compared, and it is found that most of them The number of people in Africa has a positive view of both China and the United States. While the absolute number of United States aid to Africa is far more than China, the proportion of the African population to China is well above that of the United States, with China's aid in the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs and the importance of the infrastructure The practice of building has won the universal recognition of the people of Africa. The United States is in China In the fifth chapter, we choose the Sudan as a case to make a concrete analysis of the similarities and differences between China and the United States on the history and aid target of the Sudan's aid, and to the South Sudan The development trend of Sino-US assistance after the independence of Dan is expected. The Comparative Analysis of China's Aid to the Non-level of China First of all, we sum up the advantages and disadvantages of Sino-US assistance to Africa, and secondly, to China and the United States An analysis of the possible dialogue and cooperation in the field of assistance is of great significance to the dialogue and cooperation between China and the United States in the field of assistance. The following measures can be taken: to encourage non-official level of non-dialogue and exchange; to promote the exchange of official dialogue from lower levels to higher Development of the level; the establishment of a joint and non-joint commission and work The Panel, at the appropriate time, invited relevant African recipient countries to participate. Non-dialogue and cooperation between the countries of the United Nations could be done from humanity China-US dialogue and cooperation on aid to Africa is still a vision, and China will also deal with the non-alignment of the medium-and-U.S.-backed non-dialogue and cooperation agencies and the domestic politics of the United States In the end, China's foreign aid mechanism should be gradually improved, and secondly, the attention of Chinese media to the non-field should be increased, and the third one should be done. A forward-looking research and analysis of the development of African countries, and fourthly, should also be encouraged
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D822.3;D871.2
本文编号：2479730
[Abstract]:Africa has always played an important role in China's foreign strategy, and it is an important way to improve China's soft power and to build a harmonious world. Although Africa is not at the core of its international strategy in the United States, its strategic importance is increasing. Africa's aid is one of the most important tools for the United States to pursue its policy goals in Africa, and one of the ways in which the United States is reshaping its soft power. America's non-policy has an important impact on Africa and other donor countries. The United States is paying more and more attention to China's assistance to Africa and to assess the impact of China's rise in Africa's influence on the United States. China and the United States meet in Africa, and aid will be an important area for both competition and cooperation. For China, the United States is of particular concern and research for Africa's aid policies. At present, the research on the aid of China or the United States at home and abroad has made some achievements, but it also lacks the systematic comparison of Sino-US aid, and there are some of China's aid to China both in China and in the world In order to make up for these shortcomings, this paper objectively compares the similarities and differences between China and the United States in the aid of non-field, and sums up the strengths and weaknesses of both China and the United States in order to make a good contribution to the level of aid in Africa. It is suggested that the method of research is mainly based on the analysis of the history of Marxism and the dialectical analysis method, and the comparative analysis, case analysis and statistical analysis are applied to other research. Methods. The introduction mainly expounds the significance of the selection of the topic, the review of the domestic and foreign research, etc., and defines the application of the thesis. The definition of external assistance. In addition, the methods of research and papers used are also briefly described In addition to the introduction, the body Chapter one briefly reviews the history of Sino-US assistance to Africa during the cold war, and focuses on the adjustment and development of the aid policy of the United States and the United States in the context of the changed international and domestic background in the post-cold war, and analyses its causes and summarizes the various stages. The second chapter mainly discusses the relationship between China and the United States. The cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa is the cultural origin of the concept of aid in Africa. The concept of China's aid to Africa is mainly reflected in the policy documents in the past years. The "and close" culture in China's traditional culture is the core of the spirit and is deeply influenced by the principles of internationalism, and the mutual benefit has been developed The new concept of aid for common development, such as the political, economic and value added by the United States in the absence of aid, reflects the special cultural origin of American aid concept, that is, the traditional, "God's Voters" and "the fate of the day" view of the Christian religious culture, which has been built into the American realistic and idealistic diplomatic transmission. In addition, African-American people are deeply influenced by American culture and African culture, and with their political and economic advancement, The influence of heavy culture is also reflected in this chapter. This chapter also makes systematic comparison of the target of middle-and-American aid from the three aspects of politics, economy and international morality. In the same place, there is a great difference. The third chapter focuses on the comparison. China and the United States focus on aid in the various parts of Africa. It has been found that the adherence to a Chinese principle on the question of Taiwan and whether China's friendship is a decisive factor in the normal development of relations between China and the African countries is also to a great extent On the one hand, China attaches great importance to the promotion of economic and trade relations with African countries, and on the other hand, the economic level and reality of the recipient countries The need for inter-regional needs is also included in the scope of aid. China, on the premise of upholding the principles of "non-interference in internal affairs" and "No political conditions attached", focuses on infrastructure construction, culture, The development assistance project of the people's livelihood, such as education, etc. It reflects China's large-scale interests, and whether it has important security, economy and energy value is beauty The country had chosen the decisive factor for recipient countries. While the United States attached importance to the reform of democracy and liberalization through aid for recipient countries, the United States attached great importance to the "to be in love with the" of the recipient countries and would As an important basis for the increase or reduction of aid, the level of economic development and the actual needs of recipient countries It's not an inevitable factor for U.S. aid. The United States is more inclined to implement people who can show their effects in the short term. channel-based food aid and health-care assistance. This is The fourth chapter is mainly from the mechanism and way of the aid of the United States. Comparative analysis on the evaluation of other countries. In other countries, especially in Africa, the evaluation of Sino-American aid has been compared, and it is found that most of them The number of people in Africa has a positive view of both China and the United States. While the absolute number of United States aid to Africa is far more than China, the proportion of the African population to China is well above that of the United States, with China's aid in the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs and the importance of the infrastructure The practice of building has won the universal recognition of the people of Africa. The United States is in China In the fifth chapter, we choose the Sudan as a case to make a concrete analysis of the similarities and differences between China and the United States on the history and aid target of the Sudan's aid, and to the South Sudan The development trend of Sino-US assistance after the independence of Dan is expected. The Comparative Analysis of China's Aid to the Non-level of China First of all, we sum up the advantages and disadvantages of Sino-US assistance to Africa, and secondly, to China and the United States An analysis of the possible dialogue and cooperation in the field of assistance is of great significance to the dialogue and cooperation between China and the United States in the field of assistance. The following measures can be taken: to encourage non-official level of non-dialogue and exchange; to promote the exchange of official dialogue from lower levels to higher Development of the level; the establishment of a joint and non-joint commission and work The Panel, at the appropriate time, invited relevant African recipient countries to participate. Non-dialogue and cooperation between the countries of the United Nations could be done from humanity China-US dialogue and cooperation on aid to Africa is still a vision, and China will also deal with the non-alignment of the medium-and-U.S.-backed non-dialogue and cooperation agencies and the domestic politics of the United States In the end, China's foreign aid mechanism should be gradually improved, and secondly, the attention of Chinese media to the non-field should be increased, and the third one should be done. A forward-looking research and analysis of the development of African countries, and fourthly, should also be encouraged
【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D822.3;D871.2
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前2条
1 侯明;冷战时期美国的对外援助政策（1947-1972）[D];东北师范大学;2011年
2 王玉红;和合发展：中国对非洲援助研究[D];吉林大学;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 李晶;二战后欧盟与美国对非发展援助的比较分析[D];外交学院;2012年
2 吴丹;中日对非援助的比较研究[D];湖南师范大学;2013年
3 谢美妍;中南双边贸易与投资发展中的问题与对策[D];东北财经大学;2012年
4 邵长峰;冷战后中美对东盟援助比较研究[D];外交学院;2013年
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