中国—沙特阿拉伯关系研究（1990-2009）

发布时间：2019-06-05 10:07

【摘要】： 中华人民共和国与沙特阿拉伯王国于1990年7月21日正式建交。在这之前,由于两国的政治体制、社会文化、宗教信仰等各方面皆存在巨大差异,加上冷战等历史限制,沙特一直与“中华民国”(台湾)保持外交关系,中沙建交经历了一段艰难曲折的历程。但中沙建交后,两国的关系一直维持友好和平发展,创造了不同社会制度、不同信仰、不同文化传统的国家间和睦相处、友好合作的典范。本文对中沙关系进行了一次详细的梳理和分析。首先,两国建交前沙特与“中华民国”(台湾)的关系作为中沙建交的背景被提出。在概述台沙关系后,作者认为,台沙间经贸往来是双方保持关系的主要动力,也给中沙建交造成了一定的困难。在中沙建交后,这一关系也没有停止,并仍有发展,台湾也没有停止利用这一关系在国际舞台上为自己“拓展空间”的动作。这一事实要求中国重视在与沙特发展关系时既要坚持“一个中国”原则,更要注重合适的策略。其次,两国的建交是一个充满曲折的过程,同时也展现了两国领导人的高超智慧和娴熟的外交技巧。利用国内穆斯林展示中国的和平友好形象是赢得沙特对中国的好感的重要举措,在穆斯林交往的推动下,中沙间的经贸、文化体育等方面的交往从无到有,两国的民间外交最终促成了政治上的建交。中沙建交完全可以作为国际关系的典型案例进行分析,因此,笔者利用国际关系理论中的“观念”对外交政策的影响这一研究路径对中沙建交进行了较详细的分析,指出,沙特对中国的认识的改变主要缘自对中国国内穆斯林的认识,在看到中国自由的宗教政策后,两国慢慢以经贸、体育交流为桥梁,最终达到正式建交。第三,建交后,中沙两国的关系因中国经济的飞速发展得到提速,中沙间的经贸关系已经达到一种战略高度。中国的经济腾飞离不开沙特石油的供应,这是两国关系的重点,此外,中沙间的相互投资和贸易往来也不断上升。经济关系的重要性得到两国领导人的共同关注,中沙间已经完成了最高领导人的互访,而中国最高领导人已三次访问沙特。这些互访不仅巩固了中沙间的经贸关系,更推动了两国关系的全面发展。在处理共同关心的国际问题上,两国都表示互相理解和支持;除宗教交往外,两国的文化、教育、科技等交流也得到长足的发展。中国领导人称赞“中沙关系目前处于历史最好发展阶段”。中沙关系友好发展的同时也存在一些不确定的因素,比如中国对沙特的贸易逆差,台湾与沙特的关系等;而在国际因素上则有美国在中东地区的主导地位,国际恐怖主义的威胁,与沙特接壤的伊拉克局势动荡,隔湾相望的伊朗核问题局势不明等。这些都可能影响未来的中沙关系。要应对这些问题,中沙两国必须加强交流和合作。
[Abstract]:The people's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia formally established diplomatic relations on July 21, 1990. Prior to this, Saudi Arabia had always maintained diplomatic relations with the "Republic of China" (Taiwan) because of the great differences in the political system, social culture, religious beliefs and other aspects of the two countries, coupled with historical restrictions such as the Cold War. The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia has gone through a difficult and tortuous course. However, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia, the relations between the two countries have always maintained friendly and peaceful development, creating a model of harmonious coexistence and friendly cooperation between countries with different social systems, different faiths and different cultural traditions. In this paper, the relationship between China and Saudi Arabia is combed and analyzed in detail. First of all, the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of China (Taiwan) before the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries was put forward as the background for the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia. After summarizing the relationship between Taiwan and Saudi Arabia, the author believes that the economic and trade exchanges between Taiwan and Saudi Arabia are the main driving force for the maintenance of relations between the two sides, and also cause some difficulties for the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia. After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia, this relationship has not stopped, and there has still been development, and Taiwan has not stopped using this relationship to "expand space" for itself on the international stage. This fact requires China to attach importance to not only adhering to the "one China" principle and paying more attention to appropriate strategies in developing relations with Saudi Arabia. Secondly, the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries is a tortuous process, but also shows the superb wisdom and skillful diplomatic skills of the leaders of the two countries. Using domestic Muslims to display China's image of peace and friendship is an important measure to win Saudi Arabia's goodwill towards China. Driven by Muslim exchanges, the exchanges between China and Saudi Arabia in economic, trade, cultural, sports, and other aspects have grown from scratch. The folk diplomacy of the two countries finally contributed to the establishment of political diplomatic relations. The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia can be analyzed as a typical case of international relations. Therefore, the author makes a more detailed analysis of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Saudi Arabia by using the research path of the influence of "ideas" in the theory of international relations on foreign policy, and points out that The change of Saudi understanding of China is mainly due to the understanding of Muslims in China. After seeing China's free religious policy, the two countries slowly took economic, trade and sports exchanges as a bridge, and finally reached the formal establishment of diplomatic relations. Third, after the establishment of diplomatic relations, the relations between China and Saudi Arabia have been accelerated by the rapid development of China's economy, and the economic and trade relations between China and Saudi Arabia have reached a strategic height. China's economic take-off can not be separated from the supply of Saudi oil, which is the focus of relations between the two countries, in addition, mutual investment and trade between China and Saudi Arabia are also on the rise. The importance of economic relations has received common attention from the leaders of the two countries. China and Saudi Arabia have completed the exchange of visits between the top leaders, while the top leaders of China have visited Saudi Arabia three times. These visits not only consolidated the economic and trade relations between China and Saudi Arabia, but also promoted the all-round development of bilateral relations. In dealing with international issues of common concern, the two countries have expressed mutual understanding and support. In addition to religious exchanges, cultural, educational, scientific and technological exchanges between the two countries have also made great progress. Chinese leaders praised "Sino-Saudi relations are at the best stage of development in history." At the same time, there are some uncertain factors in the friendly development of Sino-Saudi relations, such as China's trade deficit with Saudi Arabia, Taiwan's relations with Saudi Arabia, and so on. In terms of international factors, there are the dominant position of the United States in the Middle East, the threat of international terrorism, the volatile situation in Iraq bordering Saudi Arabia, and the unknown situation of the Iranian nuclear issue across the bay. All these may affect the future relationship between China and Saudi Arabia. To deal with these problems, China and Saudi Arabia must strengthen exchanges and cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D822.3

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