中国参与打击索马里海盗行动之研究

发布时间：2019-06-14 23:40

【摘要】：海盗,作为一门古老的国际犯罪,一直以来都是全人类的公敌,更是国际社会公认的打击对象。在2005年以前,全球的海盗活动主要集中在南中国海、马六甲海峡、地中海以及远东区域等。2005年开始,东非海域海盗事件发生数量激增,索马里海盗逐渐进入世人的视野中,直到2008年,索马里海盗以其高频率的袭击、跨国化的行动、残暴的手段和现代化的技术震惊了全世界。由此,索马里海域成为世界上最恐怖的水域之一。近年来,随着索马里海盗活动的愈演愈烈,国际社会相继出台各种措施打击索马里海盗。自2008年12月至2012年3月,中国先后共派出十一批次海军护航编队远赴亚丁湾、索马里海域参与打击海盗,这是我国海上作战力量首次赴海外维护中国的国家利益和海洋权益,无疑具有开创性和标志性的历史意义。因此,在索马里海盗屡禁不止与国际社会博弈不断变化的背景下,研究中国参与打击索马里海盗的行动是积极的和必要的。本文由前言、正文、结语组成。其中正文包括三章,主要内容如下：第一章阐述了中国参与打击索马里海盗的现状。首先,从索马里海盗猖獗的原因和特点,对索马里海盗进行综合概述；其次,从经济遭受严重损失和船员人身财产受到威胁两方面来分析索马里海盗行为对中国的影响；最后,以事实数据纵观2008年以来中国参与打击索马里海盗的相关行动。第二章分析了中国参与打击索马里海盗的正当性。文章主要从背景和意义,分为七个方面来进行论证。一方面,从国际背景出发,这是国际局势的需要和国际社会的期望。自索马里爆发内战以来,本国政府已然无力挽救混乱的国内局势,趁势而起的索马里海盗亟需国际社会施以援助进行解决,美国与俄罗斯在第一时间内做出反应,派出舰队进入索马里海域进行护航。随后,印度、日本、欧洲以及周边国家的海军及海巡武装船只也先后进入海盗猖獗的亚丁湾及邻近海域进行护航打击,包括索马里政府领导人、德国海军负责人在内的各国政要则相继向中国发出了诚挚邀请,而中国是联合国安理会五大常任理事国之一,必然是义不容辞参与打击索马里海盗；从国内背景出发,这是中国对国家利益、国际责任和国际形象的考虑。国家利益是国际政治与安全,国家战略与对外关系中的核心概念。同时,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,护航索马里海域是维护国家利益,履行大国责任,塑造国际形象的合理举动。另一方面,文章分别从政治、经济、军事、外交和文化意义来论证其正当性。第一,政治上,索马里有着极其重要的地缘战略价值,作为一个正在崛起的海洋大国,中国远赴索马里海域参与打击活动,是我国海洋战略中的重要举措,也是我国在印度洋战略格局的重大调整；第二,经济上,索马里海盗的活动影响着中国对外贸易的海上运输和石油进口通道的安全,参与打击索马里海盗,不仅维护了中国的经济利益,而且有利于中国“走出去”战略的构建；第三,军事上,中国海军远航索马里海域实则是为未来建立一支具有强大战斗力的海军培养力量,为未来可能力量的投送积累经验,为应对未来的新军事革命指明方向；第四,外交上,巩固了非洲国家与中国的良好关系,增进了与周边国家的友谊,是“和谐外交”的成功实践；第五,文化上,使传统上处于民间层次、区域层次的海洋文明提升到了民族文明的高度,是“和谐海洋”理念的落实,推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。第三章探讨了中国参与打击索马里海盗的合法性。中国远赴亚丁湾、索马里海域参与打击海盗的这一行动是在非战争时期的正常的军事行动。从国际法层面来讲,符合《联合国宪章》、《联合国海洋法公约》和联合国安理会相关决议,符合《制止危及海上航行安全的非法行为公约》和其它相关条约,文中将分别对国际法上海盗行为的认定和海盗的管辖与惩治进行梳理归纳。从国内法层面来讲,虽然中国国内法律并无专门设立“海盗罪”,但是,中国的参与打击行动是完全符合中国国内宪法和《中华人民共和国刑法》的。此外,自卫权、船舶通行权、豁免权、登临权、《国际海上避碰规则》、《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》等相关习惯法也是中国参与打击索马里海盗的法律支持。结语部分是对全文的总结概括,认为中国参与打击索马里海盗的行动是正当的和合法的。
[Abstract]:As an ancient international crime, the pirates, as an ancient international crime, have always been the public enemy of all human beings, and are also recognized by the international community. In 2005, the world's piracy was mainly concentrated in the South China Sea, the Straits of Malacca, the Mediterranean and the Far East region. In 2005, the number of piracy incidents in the East African waters has increased, and the Somali pirates are gradually entering the world's vision until 2008, The Somali pirates have shocked the world with their high-frequency attacks, cross-border actions, the brutal means and the technology of modernization. As a result, the Somali waters are one of the world's most terrifying waters. In recent years, with the growing number of Somali pirates, the international community has launched various measures to combat piracy in Somalia. From December 2008 to March 2012, China has sent a total of eleven naval escorts to the Gulf of Aden, and the Somali waters are involved in the fight against piracy, which is the first time for China to maintain the national interests and the maritime rights and interests of China for the first time in overseas operations. There is no doubt of groundbreaking and symbolic historical significance. Therefore, it is positive and necessary to study China's involvement in the fight against piracy in Somalia in the context of the repeated prohibition of piracy in Somalia and the changing game of the international community. This paper is composed of the preface, the text and the epilogue. The main text includes three chapters. The main contents are as follows: In the first chapter, the first chapter describes China's participation in the fight against piracy in Somalia Current status of piracy in Somalia, first of all, from the causes and characteristics of piracy in Somalia; secondly, the analysis of the impact of piracy on China from two aspects of the economic suffering and the threat of the physical property of the crew ; Finally, in fact-based data, China has been involved in the fight against piracy in Somalia since 2008 The second chapter analyses China's participation in the fight against the coast of Somalia The legitimacy of the theft. The article is divided into seven aspects from the background and the meaning. Let's prove it. On the one hand, from the international background, this is the international situation's needs and the international The expectations of the society. Since the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia, the country's government has been unable to save the chaotic domestic situation, and the Somali pirates, which have taken advantage of the potential, are in desperate need of assistance from the international community, and the United States and Russia have reacted in the first time to send the fleet into the sea of Somalia The region was escorted. Subsequently, the naval and marine armed vessels in India, Japan, Europe and the surrounding countries have also stepped into the piracy of the Gulf of Aden and the adjacent waters, including Somalia. The leaders of the government and the leaders of the German navy have sent a sincere invitation to China, which is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, and is bound to take part in the fight against the Somali pirates. for national interests, international responsibility and international The national interest is the international politics and security, the national strategy and the external relations At the same time, China is the largest developing country in the world, and the protection of the Somali sea area is the maintenance of national interests, the responsibility of the great power and the shaping of the international image On the other hand, the article is on the basis of political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural significance, respectively. The legitimacy, the first, the political, the Somalia have the extremely important geo-strategic value, as a rising sea power, China is far to the Somali sea area to take part in the fight, is an important measure in our country's ocean strategy, and also the major of our country in the Indian Ocean strategic pattern Second, on the economy, the activities of the Somali pirates affect the safety and participation of China's foreign trade and oil import channels, and in the fight against the Somali pirates, not only the economic interests of China, but also the construction of the Chinese "Get out of here." strategy; In the military, the Chinese Navy's long-distance Somali sea area is the establishment of a naval training force with a strong fighting capacity for the future, which has accumulated experience for the future possible force, which is the clear direction for the future of the new military revolution; and, in the fourth and the diplomatic, the African countries and China have been consolidated The good relations between the two countries have improved the friendship with the neighboring countries. It is the successful practice of the "harmonious diplomacy". In the fifth and the culture, the traditional culture is at the folk level, and the marine civilization at the regional level is promoted to the height of the national civilization. It is the implementation of the "harmonious ocean" concept and promotes the construction of lasting peace and common prosperity. The third chapter discusses China's participation in the fight against Soma. The legality of the pirates. China's far to the Gulf of Aden and the involvement of the Somali waters in the fight against piracy are in the non-war era. Normal military operations. From the international law level, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions, are in line with the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. And other relevant treaties, which, respectively, will be the subject of the determination of piracy and the jurisdiction and jurisdiction of the pirates in international law, respectively. According to the domestic law, although China's domestic law has no special "the crime of piracy", China's participation in the fight is fully in line with the Chinese Constitution and the Chinese people The Criminal Law of the Republic of China>. In addition, the right to self-defence, the right of the ship, the immunity, the right to access, the International Convention on the Prevention of Collisions at the International Sea, the Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and the like are also part of China's participation in the fight against Somalia The legal support of the pirates. The epilogue is a summary of the full text and is of the view that China is involved in the fight against the Somali pirates.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815

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