冷战后美国对朝政策的演变及影响因素

发布时间：2019-06-14 19:42

【摘要】：1991年苏联的解体消除了美国安全利益的最大威胁,美国亚太地区安全战略的重心随之从应付全球性大战,转变为处理区域性冲突,朝鲜半岛在美国全球战略中的重要地位日益显现。冷战时期,美国对朝鲜实行封锁和孤立的政策。冷战后,根据变化了的国际形势,美国基于自身的利益不断调整对朝鲜的政策。冷战结束至今,美国一直将朝鲜视为敌对国家和“无赖国家”。尽管如此,美国还是通过各种途径试图缓和美朝关系,并为朝鲜提供各种援助。本文主要分析冷战以来美国对朝鲜的政策的变化和特点以及影响美国的对朝政策变化的原因。冷战的结束,一方面使美国的战略家感到共产主义威胁不复存在,但另一方面更强化了他们要消除共产主义的信念。因此,美国对朝鲜的政策就深深地打上了反共主义意识形态的烙印。意识形态是影响冷战后美国对朝政策的最重要因素之一。美国作为冷战后唯一的超级大国,对朝鲜半岛的政策一直是其全球战略以及亚太战略的重要一环。从长远来看,美国对朝鲜遏制加接触政策在相当长的一段时期内不会发生太大变化。一方面美国将朝鲜视为其东北亚地区安全方面一个不可预知的、潜在的威胁因素,为扼制朝鲜的军事冒险主义,以削弱其军事能力为目标,坚决主张冻结其核开发；另一方面支持在韩国主导下实现朝鲜半岛的稳定和统一。
[Abstract]:The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 eliminated the greatest threat to the security interests of the United States, and the focus of the security strategy in the Asia-Pacific region of the United States changed from dealing with global wars to dealing with regional conflicts. The important position of the Korean peninsula in the global strategy of the United States has become increasingly apparent. During the Cold War, the United States imposed a policy of blockade and isolation against North Korea. After the Cold War, according to the changed international situation, the United States constantly adjusted its policy towards North Korea on the basis of its own interests. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has regarded North Korea as a hostile country and a rogue state. Still, the United States has tried to ease relations with North Korea through a variety of ways and provided all kinds of assistance to North Korea. This paper mainly analyzes the changes and characteristics of American policy towards North Korea since the Cold War and the reasons for the change of American policy towards North Korea. The end of the Cold War, on the one hand, made American strategies feel that the threat of communism ceased to exist, but on the other hand, it strengthened their belief in eliminating communism. As a result, American policy towards North Korea has been deeply branded with anti-communist ideology. Ideology is one of the most important factors affecting American policy towards North Korea after the Cold War. As the only superpower after the Cold War, the policy of the United States towards the Korean peninsula has always been an important part of its global strategy and Asia-Pacific strategy. In the long run, the U. S. policy of containment and engagement with North Korea will not change much for a long time. On the one hand, the United States regards North Korea as an unpredictable and potential threat to its security in Northeast Asia, and firmly advocates freezing its nuclear development in order to curb North Korea's military adventurism and weaken its military capabilities; on the other hand, it supports the realization of stability and reunification on the Korean peninsula under the leadership of South Korea.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.2;D871.2

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