二战后欧盟与美国对非发展援助的比较分析

发布时间：2019-06-14 17:40

【摘要】：非洲是一个问题与机遇共存的大陆。一方面，非洲的发展问题是其面临的紧迫课题，其稳定与发展不仅关系到非洲人民的根本利益，也关乎世界的和平与繁荣；另一方面，非洲大陆有着重要的战略位置、广袤肥沃的土地和丰富的矿藏，这块充满生机与活力的大陆愈加牵动着全球殷切的目光。欧盟和美国早在二战结束之后就对非洲提供了发展援助，但虽同属于西方世界，二者在援助利益考量上却有不同。根据对二战之后几十年间的纵向梳理，，可以发现欧盟对非发展援助有平缓、递进式发展的态势，在援助金额上不断增长，在援助领域方面不断扩展和加深，对非援助占欧盟整体对外援助的比重较高，体现出欧盟在非洲重视政治、经济、历史影响等因素的综合平衡考量，非洲在欧盟整体外交战略体系中位置十分重要；而美国对非发展援助呈现出波折起伏的态势，在援助金额上有大幅度的升降变化，在援助区域的选择方面则根据形势变化不断调整，对非援助占美国整体对外援助的比重也较低，体现出美国对非洲的利益考量比较单一，总体上将非洲作为服务于美国的全球战略的次要区域。另外，通过二十一世纪初这一时间段的横向比较，可以发现新时期欧盟和美国都同时增大了对非洲的关注力度，在对非发展援助的表现上有趋同性，但背后的动机出发点却又存在差别。相较而言，欧盟在经济危机和各国竞争的刺激下更加偏重非洲的经济价值，美国则在“911”事件发生后更看加看重非洲在反恐合作与能源供给方面的安全价值。
[Abstract]:Africa is a continent where problems and opportunities coexist. On the one hand, the development of Africa is an urgent issue, and its stability and development are not only related to the fundamental interests of the African people, but also related to world peace and prosperity; on the other hand, the African continent has an important strategic position, vast and fertile land and rich mineral deposits, which is full of vitality and vitality. The European Union and the United States provided development assistance to Africa as early as the end of World War II, but although they belong to the Western world, they are different in terms of aid interests. According to the vertical combing of the decades after World War II, we can find that the EU's development assistance to Africa has been slow and progressive, the amount of aid has been increasing, and it has been expanding and deepening in the field of aid. The proportion of African aid in the overall foreign assistance of the European Union is relatively high, which reflects the comprehensive and balanced consideration of the EU's emphasis on political, economic, historical influence and other factors in Africa. Africa is very important in the overall diplomatic strategic system of the European Union; However, the United States' development assistance to Africa has shown a fluctuating trend, with a great deal of ups and downs in the amount of aid, and the choice of aid regions has been constantly adjusted according to the changes in the situation, and the proportion of aid to Africa in the overall foreign aid of the United States is also relatively low, reflecting that the interests of the United States in Africa are relatively single, and Africa is generally regarded as a secondary region of the global strategy in the service of the United States. In addition, through the horizontal comparison at the beginning of the 21 century, it can be found that both the European Union and the United States in the new period have increased their attention to Africa at the same time, and there is convergence in the performance of development assistance to Africa, but there are differences in the starting points of motivation behind them. In contrast, the European Union is more focused on Africa's economic value stimulated by the economic crisis and competition, while the United States attaches more importance to Africa's security value in counter-terrorism cooperation and energy supply after the September 11 incident.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;D85

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