论奥巴马政府的新媒体外交

发布时间：2019-07-07 21:32

【摘要】：新媒体，是指依托互联网技术的社交网络。奥巴马政府总结了小布什政府的总体外交失误及其在新媒体领域的外交经验，，结合2008年总统竞选时对新媒体技术的掌握，以“巧实力”理念为支撑，形成了具有奥巴马特色的新媒体外交，即在信息时代条件下，美国为了维护和发展自己的利益，利用社交网络等技术而开展的对外交往、对外宣传和外交参与等活动。新媒体外交形成后，奥巴马政府对外交政策做出一系列调整，不但包括设置相应的外交机构，配备相应的人员，更具特色的是美国政府的新媒体外交采取二轨并进式推进法，即一方面美国政府直接进行新媒体外交的活动，另一方面与非政府组织、高科技公司和外国反政府力量合作推进。奥巴马总统与希拉里国务卿等人在不同场合发表各种讲话，身体力行，力撑新媒体外交战略；在2009年的摩尔多瓦“革命”、伊朗总统大选以及2010年年底至2011年上半年的西亚北非政治动荡中，美国的新媒体外交得到了体现。美国的新媒体外交实践取得了一定成效，同时也展现出如下特点：机制化与制度化的特点、政府与多元力量合作的特点、政府身份的公开性与隐蔽性结合的特点以及体现了实践-完善-再实践-再完善等特点。但同时，美国新媒体外交也受到了一些限制，如适用范围有限等等。美国新媒体外交在本质是借助美国在技术上的绝对优势，争取信息时代下的信息空间主导权，借机打压异己国家，维持美国一家独大的局面、维护美国国家利益。美国新媒体外交的负面影响日趋明显，未来命运值得关注。
[Abstract]:New media refers to social networks that rely on Internet technology. The Obama administration summed up the overall diplomatic mistakes of the Bush administration and its diplomatic experience in the field of new media. Combined with the mastery of new media technology during the 2008 presidential election, and supported by the concept of "skillful strength," the Obama administration formed a new media diplomacy with Obama characteristics, that is, in the information age, the United States carried out foreign exchanges in order to safeguard and develop its own interests and make use of social networks and other technologies. Foreign propaganda and diplomatic participation and other activities. After the formation of new media diplomacy, the Obama administration has made a series of adjustments to foreign policy, including not only the establishment of corresponding diplomatic institutions and corresponding personnel, but also the two-track and progressive approach to the new media diplomacy of the US government, that is, on the one hand, the US government directly carries out the activities of new media diplomacy, on the other hand, it cooperates with non-governmental organizations, high-tech companies and foreign anti-government forces. President Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton have made various speeches on various occasions to support the new media diplomatic strategy, as reflected in the "revolution" in Moldova in 2009, the presidential election in Iran, and the political turmoil in West Asia and North Africa from the end of 2010 to the first half of 2011. The diplomatic practice of new media in the United States has made some achievements, at the same time, it has also shown the following characteristics: the characteristics of institutionalization and institutionalization, the characteristics of cooperation between government and pluralistic forces, the characteristics of the combination of openness and concealment of government identity, and the characteristics of practice, perfection, re-practice and further improvement. But at the same time, American new media diplomacy is also subject to some restrictions, such as limited scope of application and so on. The essence of American new media diplomacy is to strive for the dominant power of information space in the information age with the help of the absolute advantages of the United States in technology, to suppress dissent countries, to maintain the dominant situation of the United States, and to safeguard the national interests of the United States. The negative influence of American new media diplomacy is becoming more and more obvious, and the future fate is worth paying attention to.
【学位授予单位】：上海国际问题研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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