“从未有过的年代”:基辛格“欧洲年”计划中的美英外交考察

发布时间：2019-07-25 12:22

【摘要】：1973年美国尼克松政府推出"欧洲年"计划,旨在利用军事优势和外交手腕消弭欧洲一体化可能对自身霸权构成的威胁。在推行该计划的过程中,基辛格企图利用"联系"原则与英美"特殊关系"迫使欧共体就范。但事与愿违,美国的外在挑战反而激活了欧洲的政治一体化进程,后者据理力争,第一次"用一个声音讲话",对美国的计划进行了大力抵制。虽然在英国的斡旋下,美欧原本有望在实施"欧洲年"计划上达成妥协,但第四次中东战争与能源危机的爆发深化了美欧矛盾,并使"欧洲年"计划变成"一纸难以兑现的账单"。尽管如此,由于难以改变防务上依赖美国的局面,欧共体国家不得不作出让步。而一度对欧共体寄予厚望的英国亦因深感无力改变法国主导欧共体的局面而重返大西洋主义轨道。
[Abstract]:In 1973, the Nixon administration launched the European year program, which aims to use military superiority and diplomacy to eliminate the threat that European integration may pose to its hegemony. In the process of carrying out the plan, Kissinger tried to use the "connection" principle to use the "special relationship" between Britain and the United States to force the European Community to submit. Instead, the external challenges of the United States activated the process of political integration in Europe, which argued for the first time to "speak with one voice" and strongly boycotted the United States plan. Although the United States and Europe were expected to reach a compromise on the implementation of the "year of Europe" plan under British mediation, the fourth Middle East war and the outbreak of the energy crisis deepened the contradiction between the United States and Europe and turned the "year of Europe" plan into "an uncashed bill." Still, EC countries had to make concessions because it was difficult to change their reliance on the United States for defense. Britain, which once had high hopes for the European Community, returned to the Atlantic track because it was deeply unable to change the French-dominated European Community.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：2013年度华中师范大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目“从冲突到结盟——霸权转移视野下的英美关系研究”(项目号CCNU13A06019)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D871.2;D856.1

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