日本人的虫文化

发布时间：2018-01-29 03:28

本文关键词： 虫文化语言娱乐文学民俗　出处：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：虫不仅是自然界不可或缺的物种,而且作为人类重要的食物和布料来源,对人类的生存与发展发挥着重要的作用。日本受其自然环境的影响,虫的数量多,种类也丰富,一向亲近自然的日本人,与虫的互动也更为频繁。因此出现了许多与虫相关的文化。日本人崇尚自然,强调与大自然的共生,对自然的变化也较为敏感。虫作为自然界最常见的生物,自然也成为日本人关注的对象。捕虫养虫,听虫声观虫形,自古以来便是日本人日常生活中重要的娱乐活动。秋季的鸣虫,作为日本物哀美的典型代表,常常出现在文学和其他文艺作品中。虫也是人类最基本的认知对象,人们用虫比喻人生,揭示社会规律。一些虫因其形态或习性的某种特征,被赋予一些特定的形象和象征意义。当然,虫也会侵蚀农作物,腐蚀建筑、粮食和衣物,给农业生产和人们生活带来诸多不便,甚至灾害。日本人一直特别注重如何与虫和谐共处。在日本的民俗和民间信仰中,虫不再是自然界弱小、卑微的物种,它被描述成为一种拥有神秘力量的异次元的存在,或作祟于人间,或作用于人体,为日本人所畏惧。此外,日语中也有许多与虫相关的表达,其中一些与国外用法相同或相近,有些则令外国人难以理解。后者藏匿于人体,能够刺激人的欲望,左右人的情绪,引发疼痛和疾病,这是日语所独有的虫的含义。古代日本医学中,常用虫病来指示那些无法释明病因的疼痛。这里的虫病并非近代医学上所说的寄生虫引发的疾病,不仅如此,虫病的治疗也颇具宗教色彩。这些“虫”,显然都不是客观存在的虫子,是日本人的虫文化中最具特色的部分。国内对日本的虫的研究多集中在语言层面上,但是日本人的虫文化范畴是极为宽泛的,本篇论文从语言、娱乐生活、文学和民问习俗四个方面概括日本人的虫文化,通过对虫文化的描述,揭示日本人对虫的独特认识,进而发掘日本虫文化背后折射出的日本人的自然观和思维方式。
[Abstract]:Insects are not only an indispensable species in nature, but also an important source of food and cloth for human beings, which plays an important role in the survival and development of human beings. The Japanese, who have always been close to nature, interact with insects more frequently. As a result, many cultures related to insects have emerged. The Japanese advocate nature and emphasize symbiosis with nature. Insects, as the most common living things in nature, have also become the object of Japanese attention. Since ancient times, it has been an important entertainment activity in the daily life of Japanese. The singing insects in autumn are typical representatives of the sad beauty of Japanese things. Insects are also the most basic cognitive objects of human beings. People use insects to describe life and reveal social laws. Some insects have certain characteristics because of their form or habit. Given certain images and symbols, of course, insects can erode crops, erode buildings, food and clothing, and cause much inconvenience to agricultural production and people's lives. Even disasters. The Japanese have been paying special attention to how to live in harmony with insects. In Japanese folklore and folk beliefs, insects are no longer weak and humble species in nature. It is described as the existence of a strange dimension with mysterious power, or haunting the human body, or acting on the human body, which is feared by the Japanese. In addition, there are many expressions related to insects in Japanese. Some of them are the same or similar to those used abroad, while others are difficult for foreigners to understand. The latter hide in the human body and can stimulate human desires, affect people's emotions, and cause pain and illness. This is the unique meaning of worms in Japanese. In ancient Japanese medicine, insect diseases were commonly used to indicate pain that could not be explained. The disease was not caused by parasites in modern medicine, not only that. The treatment of insect diseases is also very religious. These "insects" are obviously not objective insects, they are the most characteristic part of the Japanese insect culture. Domestic studies on Japanese insects are mostly focused on the linguistic level. But the Japanese bug culture category is very broad, this paper from language, entertainment life, literature and folk customs four aspects of Japanese insect culture, through the description of insect culture. It reveals the Japanese unique understanding of insects, and then explores the Japanese natural outlook and mode of thinking reflected behind the Japanese worm culture.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G131.3

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