文化的权力属性研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 06:13

本文选题：权力　切入点：话语符号　出处：《河南师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东西方的文化均起源于教化，精英对大众进行引导、控制，表现了一定的控制与权力意思。古代汉语中，文、化作为语词常态下是分离的，偶有连用。但是二者有着密切的联系。从二者联系的角度看，二者结合起来实际上有对人性进行教化提升的意味。儒家自孔子以来即有教化的传统。五四新文化运动，先进知识分子以其先觉性的启蒙精神，改造国人的所谓国民性。这与传统的“圣人教化”在形式上具有一致性。无怪乎林毓生将之称为“传统的现代性转换”，认为五四先贤具有传统士大夫的情怀。毛泽东将为其发动的政治运动称之为“文化大革命”，也有着革命导师明确的教化情结。在西方文化方面，马克思没有过多的论述文化的概念，更多的是把文化的意义加诸于意识形态，而意识形态具有明显的霸权意味。葛兰西进一步研究了意识形态与知识分子、大众常识的关系，明确了文化的权力关系意义。文化更泛化为一种表达，表现为一个符号系统，而有意义的符号系统就是文化。符号系统不一定具有直接的教化意义，但作为文化的符号本质就是隐含权力性话语符号系统。卡西尔作为马克思的继承者，扩展性认为文化就是人们进行表达的各种符号的组合。语言、神话、宗教、艺术和自然科学等这些表达了不同蕴意的不同形式符号，反映了人们所在的不同的世界。具有代表性的符号活动，蕴含了人类活动的各种经验，这种经验表达成了这种形式，由此也产生了不同形式的符号系统。而既定的符号系统对人有控制作用，符号系统对人的控制作用体现在两个方面。其一，符号系统对于某个具体的个体或者某个时代的人来说，它是先在的，表现在习俗和文化作品中。其二，虽然符号系统是先在的，但文化符号系统本身反映了传统、利益格局和权威诉求。从文本话语到语言学话语的转变中，海德格尔创造性的发现话语与人的本质相关。而福柯更创新性看见话语与权力之间的复杂关系：构建语篇的过程中，，有权力因素的干预，是权力话语形成的基础；任何系统性话语的建构都带有一定的权力因素，因此任何作为文化权力表现的系统的话语，都具有权力性。权力可以支配话语，但话语在一定条件下也反作用于权力。互为作用的权力和话语直接的、间接的影响大众的生活、行为以及认知方式，双方相互构建的过程就是文化。在某种意义上，可以说具有权力的话语构成了文化体系。某种话语形成之后，那这种话语体系本身具有一种权力，对特定的群体具有话语权。在全球化进程中，各种文化符号交流下逐渐形成与全球共同生活的制度、机制相适应的话语符号系统和文化系统，早期萨义德就看到东方话语的建构过程，就是西方强势话语的渗入过程。此过程体现了话语权力的压迫。在现在全球化时代，西方话语符号在其中居于强势地位，并试图渗入弱势话语符号系统。这就是文化软实力的真谛。
[Abstract]:All the cultures were originated from the elite education, guidance of public control, performance of control and power. In ancient Chinese, this paper, as the word is normally separated, but occasionally used. The two are closely linked. From two perspective, two there are actually combined education promotion means of human nature. Since Confucius is a Confucian tradition of civilization. 54 new culture movement, the advanced intellectuals to the proactive spirit of enlightenment, the so-called transformation of national character of the people. This is the traditional "sage education" in the form of consistency. No wonder Lin Yusheng will called "the modern transformation of the traditional thought," the 54 sages with traditional literati feelings. Mao Zedong will launch a political movement known as the "Cultural Revolution", also has a clear revolutionary teacher education complex in the West. The cultural aspect, Marx has no concept of too much discussion of culture, more is the cultural significance on ideology and ideology has obvious means of Gramsci's hegemony. Further study of the ideology and intellectual, relationship of common sense, clear the relationship of power. As a generalization of cultural expression, performance as a symbol system, symbol system and meaningful is the culture symbol system does not necessarily have a direct enlightenment significance, but as the essence of cultural symbols is the implied power of symbolic discourse system.
Cahill as Marx's successor, scalability that combination culture is people's various symbols. Language, myth, religion, art and science that expressed a different meaning in different form of symbols reflects people's different world. With the symbol representative, contains a variety of human experience the expression of this experience into this form, which also had a different symbol system form. And the symbol system established to control, symbol system control effect on human is embodied in two aspects. First, the symbol system for a specific individual or a certain age people first, it is in the performance in the customs and cultural works. Secondly, although the symbol system is the first, but the system itself reflects the traditional cultural symbols, the pattern of interests and authority.
From the transformation of discourse linguistics discourse, Heidegger found creative nature of discourse and human. But Foucault saw innovative complex relationship between discourse and power: constructing discourse, power factor intervention, is the basis for the formation of power discourse; any systematic discourse with some factors of the power system, so any as the cultural power of discourse, has power. Power can dominate the discourse discourse, but under certain conditions also influence power. Interactions of power and discourse directly, the indirect effect of public life, behavior and cognitive style, the process of mutual the building is a culture. In a sense, can be said to have the power of discourse constitutes a cultural system. After some discourse formation, the discourse system itself is a kind of power, in particular The group has the right to speak.
In the process of globalization, all kinds of cultural symbols of communication gradually formed and global common life system and mechanism to adapt symbolic discourse system and cultural system, early takesaid saw the construction process of the Oriental discourse, is the dominant discourse of the West into the process. This process embodies the power of discourse oppression. Now in the era of globalization, western in a strong position in the discourse symbols, and attempts to infiltrate weak discourse symbols system. This is the true meaning of cultural soft power.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G02

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